CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 263Pancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes and associated disorders

β-cell dysfunction: Its critical role in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes

Open access
Saisho, Yoshifumi·2015·World Journal of Diabetes
DOI 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.109PMC PMC4317303
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Although, in contrast to type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance is assumed to be a major pathophysiological feature of T2DM, T2DM never develops unless β-cells fail to compensate insulin resistance. Recent studies have revealed that a deficit of β-cell functional mass is an essential component of the pathophysiology of T2DM, implying that β-cell deficit is a common feature of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. β-cell dysfunction is present at the diagnosis of T2DM and progressively worsens with disease duration. β-cell dysfunction is associated with worsening of glycemic control and treatment failure; thus, it is important to preserve or recover β-cell functional mass in the management of T2DM. Since β-cell regenerative capacity appears somewhat limited in humans, reducing β-cell workload appears to be the most effective way to preserve β-cell functional mass to date, underpinning the importance of lifestyle modification and weight loss for the treatment and prevention of T2DM. This review summarizes the current knowledge on β-cell functional mass in T2DM and discusses the treatment strategy for T2DM.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.109

Cites

36 of 36 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Both defective insulin secretion and impaired insulin action in peripheral tissues contribute to T2DM, but the principal defect lies in the pancreatic β-cell.

    “It is now clear that although both defective insulin secretion and impaired insulin action in peripheral tissues contribute to T2DM, the principal defect lies in the pancreatic β-cell (reviewed in (30, 580)).”

    From Pancreatic β-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men (2018) · cites this paper as [580]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 142

  1. Haffner SM, Lehto S, Rönnemaa T, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 229-234 [PMID: 9673301 DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199807233390404] · DOI · Paper page
  2. Defronzo RA. Banting Lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 2009; 58: 773-795 [PMID: 19336687]
  3. Kahn SE, Cooper ME, Del Prato S. Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future. Lancet 2014; 383: 1068-1083 [PMID: 24315620 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62154-6] · DOI · Paper page
  4. Bergman RN, Ader M, Huecking K, Van Citters G. Accurate assessment of beta-cell function: the hyperbolic correction. Diabetes 2002; 51 Suppl 1: S212-S220 [PMID: 11815482 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.S212] · DOI
  5. Jensen CC, Cnop M, Hull RL, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE. Beta- cell function is a major contributor to oral glucose tolerance in high-risk relatives of four ethnic groups in the U.S. Diabetes 2002; 51: 2170-2178 [PMID: 12086947]
  6. DeFronzo RA, Eldor R, Abdul-Ghani M. Pathophysiologic approach to therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 Suppl 2: S127-S138 [PMID: 23882037 DOI: 10.2337/dcS13-2011] · DOI
  7. Ichise M, Harris PE. Imaging of beta-cell mass and function. J Nucl Med 2010; 51: 1001-1004 [PMID: 20554742 DOI: 10.2967/ jnumed.109.068999] · DOI
  8. Tiedge M. Inside the pancreas: progress and challenges of human beta cell mass quantification. Diabetologia 2014; 57: 856-859 [PMID: 24599112 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3206-z] · DOI
  9. Butler AE, Janson J, Bonner-Weir S, Ritzel R, Rizza RA, Butler PC. Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2003; 52: 102-110 [PMID: 12502499 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.1.102] · DOI · Paper page
  10. Rahier J, Guiot Y, Goebbels RM, Sempoux C, Henquin JC. Pancreatic beta-cell mass in European subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10 Suppl 4: 32-42 [PMID: 18834431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00969.x] · DOI · Paper page
  11. Sakuraba H, Mizukami H, Yagihashi N, Wada R, Hanyu C, Yagihashi S. Reduced beta-cell mass and expression of oxidative stress-related DNA damage in the islet of Japanese Type II diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2002; 45: 85-96 [PMID: 11845227 DOI: 10.1007/s001250200009] · DOI
  12. Yoon KH, Ko SH, Cho JH, Lee JM, Ahn YB, Song KH, Yoo SJ, Kang MI, Cha BY, Lee KW, Son HY, Kang SK, Kim HS, Lee IK, Bonner-Weir S. Selective beta-cell loss and alpha-cell expansion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 2300-2308 [PMID: 12727989 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-020735] · DOI
  13. Butler PC, Meier JJ, Butler AE, Bhushan A. The replication of beta cells in normal physiology, in disease and for therapy. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2007; 3: 758-768 [PMID: 17955017 DOI: 10.1038/ncpendmet0647] · DOI · Paper page
  14. Manesso E, Toffolo GM, Saisho Y, Butler AE, Matveyenko AV, Cobelli C, Butler PC. Dynamics of beta-cell turnover: evidence for beta-cell turnover and regeneration from sources of beta-cells other than beta-cell replication in the HIP rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 297: E323-E330 [PMID: 19470833]
  15. Haataja L, Gurlo T, Huang CJ, Butler PC. Islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes, and the toxic oligomer hypothesis. Endocr Rev 2008; 29: 303-316 [PMID: 18314421 DOI: 10.1210/er.2007-0037] · DOI
  16. Costes S, Langen R, Gurlo T, Matveyenko AV, Butler PC. β-Cell failure in type 2 diabetes: a case of asking too much of too few? Diabetes 2013; 62: 327-335 [PMID: 23349537 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1326] · DOI
  17. Hull RL, Westermark GT, Westermark P, Kahn SE. Islet amyloid: a critical entity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 3629-3643 [PMID: 15292279 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-0405] · DOI
  18. Robertson RP. Antioxidant drugs for treating beta-cell oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: glucose-centric versus insulin-centric therapy. Discov Med 2010; 9: 132-137 [PMID: 20193639]
  19. Dinarello CA, Donath MY, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Role of IL-1beta in type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17: 314-321 [PMID: 20588114 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0b013e32833bf6dc] · DOI
  20. Supale S, Li N, Brun T, Maechler P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β cells. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23: 477-487 [PMID: 22766318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.06.002] · DOI
  21. Scheuner D, Kaufman RJ. The unfolded protein response: a pathway that links insulin demand with beta-cell failure and diabetes. Endocr Rev 2008; 29: 317-333 [PMID: 18436705 DOI: 10.1210/er.2007-0039] · DOI
  22. Eizirik DL, Cardozo AK, Cnop M. The role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetes mellitus. Endocr Rev 2008; 29: 42-61 [PMID: 18048764 DOI: 10.1210/er.2007-0015] · DOI · Paper page
  23. Masini M, Bugliani M, Lupi R, del Guerra S, Boggi U, Filipponi F, Marselli L, Masiello P, Marchetti P. Autophagy in human type 2 diabetes pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 1083-1086 [PMID: 19367387 DOI: 10.1007/ s00125-009-1347-2] · DOI
  24. Mizukami H, Takahashi K, Inaba W, Tsuboi K, Osonoi S, Yoshida T, Yagihashi S. Involvement of oxidative stress- induced DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy deficits in the decline of β-cell mass in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 1966-1974 [PMID: 24705612 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-2018] · DOI
  25. Talchai C, Xuan S, Lin HV, Sussel L, Accili D. Pancreatic β cell dedifferentiation as a mechanism of diabetic β cell failure. Cell 2012; 150: 1223-1234 [PMID: 22980982 DOI: 10.1016/ j.cell.2012.07.029] · DOI · Paper page
  26. Henquin JC, Rahier J. Pancreatic alpha cell mass in European subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2011; 54: 1720-1725 [PMID: 21465328 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2118-4] · DOI
  27. Weir GC, Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Bonner-Weir S. β-cell dedifferentiation in diabetes is important, but what is it? Islets 2013; 5: 233-237 [PMID: 24356710 DOI: 10.4161/isl.27494] · DOI
  28. Matveyenko AV, Butler PC. Beta-cell deficit due to increased apoptosis in the human islet amyloid polypeptide transgenic (HIP) rat recapitulates the metabolic defects present in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2006; 55: 2106-2114 [PMID: 16804082 DOI: 10.2337/db05-1672] · DOI
  29. Kjems LL, Kirby BM, Welsh EM, Veldhuis JD, Straume M, McIntyre SS, Yang D, Lefèbvre P, Butler PC. Decrease in beta-cell mass leads to impaired pulsatile insulin secretion, reduced postprandial hepatic insulin clearance, and relative hyperglucagonemia in the minipig. Diabetes 2001; 50: 2001-2012 [PMID: 11522665 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.9.2001] · DOI
  30. Saisho Y, Butler AE, Manesso E, Galasso R, Zhang L, Gurlo T, Toffolo GM, Cobelli C, Kavanagh K, Wagner JD, Butler PC. Relationship between fractional pancreatic beta cell area and fasting plasma glucose concentration in monkeys. Diabetologia 2010; 53: 111-114 [PMID: 19847395 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009- 1552-z] · DOI
  31. Matveyenko AV, Veldhuis JD, Butler PC. Mechanisms of impaired fasting glucose and glucose intolerance induced by an approximate 50% pancreatectomy. Diabetes 2006; 55: 2347-2356 [PMID: 16873700 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0345] · DOI
  32. Kendall DM, Sutherland DE, Najarian JS, Goetz FC, Robertson RP. Effects of hemipancreatectomy on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy humans. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 898-903 [PMID: 2179721 DOI: 10.1056/ NEJM199003293221305] · DOI
  33. Robertson RP, Lanz KJ, Sutherland DE, Seaquist ER. Relationship between diabetes and obesity 9 to 18 years after hemipancreatectomy and transplantation in donors and recipients. Transplantation 2002; 73: 736-741 [PMID: 11907419 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200203150-00013] · DOI
  34. Kumar AF, Gruessner RW, Seaquist ER. Risk of glucose intolerance and diabetes in hemipancreatectomized donors selected for normal preoperative glucose metabolism. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 1639-1643 [PMID: 18469205]
  35. Jin SM, Oh SH, Kim SK, Jung HS, Choi SH, Jang KT, Lee KT, Kim JH, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim KW. Diabetes-free survival in patients who underwent islet autotransplantation after 50% to 60% distal partial pancreatectomy for benign pancreatic tumors. Transplantation 2013; 95: 1396-1403 [PMID: 23558506 DOI: 10.1097/TP.0b013e31828c0c29] · DOI
  36. Meier JJ, Breuer TG, Bonadonna RC, Tannapfel A, Uhl W, Schmidt WE, Schrader H, Menge BA. Pancreatic diabetes manifests when beta cell area declines by approximately 65% in humans. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 1346-1354 [PMID: 22286529 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2466-8] · DOI
  37. Kou K, Saisho Y, Sato S, Yamada T, Itoh H. Islet number rather than islet size is a major determinant of β-and α-cell mass in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99: 1733-1740 [PMID: 24517149 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3731] · DOI
  38. Meier JJ, Bonadonna RC. Role of reduced β-cell mass versus impaired β-cell function in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 Suppl 2: S113-S119 [PMID: 23882035 DOI: 10.2337/dcS13-2008] · DOI
  39. Robertson RP. Estimation of beta-cell mass by metabolic tests: necessary, but how sufficient? Diabetes 2007; 56: 2420-2424 [PMID: 17606873]
  40. Laedtke T, Kjems L, Pørksen N, Schmitz O, Veldhuis J, Kao PC, Butler PC. Overnight inhibition of insulin secretion restores pulsatility and proinsulin/insulin ratio in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000; 279: E520-E528 [PMID: 10950818]
  41. Meier JJ, Menge BA, Breuer TG, Müller CA, Tannapfel A, Uhl W, Schmidt WE, Schrader H. Functional assessment of pancreatic beta-cell area in humans. Diabetes 2009; 58: 1595-1603 [PMID: 19509022 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1611] · DOI
  42. Saisho Y, Tanaka K, Abe T, Shimada A, Kawai T, Itoh H. Effect of obesity on declining beta cell function after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a possible link suggested by cross-sectional analysis. Endocr J 2012; 59: 187-195 [PMID: 22156325]
  43. Funakoshi S, Fujimoto S, Hamasaki A, Fujiwara H, Fujita Y, Ikeda K, Hamamoto Y, Hosokawa M, Seino Y, Inagaki N. Analysis of factors influencing pancreatic beta-cell function in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: association with body mass index and duration of diabetic exposure. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 82: 353-358 [PMID: 18950889 DOI: 10.1016/ j.diabres.2008.09.010] · DOI
  44. Brüning JC, Winnay J, Bonner-Weir S, Taylor SI, Accili D, Kahn CR. Development of a novel polygenic model of NIDDM in mice heterozygous for IR and IRS-1 null alleles. Cell 1997; 88: 561-572 [PMID: 9038347]
  45. Tschen SI, Dhawan S, Gurlo T, Bhushan A. Age-dependent decline in beta-cell proliferation restricts the capacity of beta- cell regeneration in mice. Diabetes 2009; 58: 1312-1320 [PMID: 19228811 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1651] · DOI · Paper page
  46. Parsons JA, Brelje TC, Sorenson RL. Adaptation of islets of Langerhans to pregnancy: increased islet cell proliferation and insulin secretion correlates with the onset of placental lactogen secretion. Endocrinology 1992; 130: 1459-1466 [PMID: 1537300 DOI: 10.1210/endo.130.3.1537300] · DOI · Paper page
  47. Scaglia L, Smith FE, Bonner-Weir S. Apoptosis contributes to the involution of beta cell mass in the post partum rat pancreas. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 5461-5468 [PMID: 7588296 DOI: 10.1210/endo.136.12.7588296] · DOI
  48. Karnik SK, Chen H, McLean GW, Heit JJ, Gu X, Zhang AY, Fontaine M, Yen MH, Kim SK. Menin controls growth of pancreatic beta-cells in pregnant mice and promotes gestational diabetes mellitus. Science 2007; 318: 806-809 [PMID: 17975067 DOI: 10.1126/science.1146812] · DOI · Paper page
  49. Kim H, Toyofuku Y, Lynn FC, Chak E, Uchida T, Mizukami H, Fujitani Y, Kawamori R, Miyatsuka T, Kosaka Y, Yang K, Honig G, van der Hart M, Kishimoto N, Wang J, Yagihashi S, Tecott LH, Watada H, German MS. Serotonin regulates pancreatic beta cell mass during pregnancy. Nat Med 2010; 16: 804-808 [PMID: 20581837 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2173] · DOI · Paper page
  50. Saisho Y, Butler AE, Manesso E, Elashoff D, Rizza RA, Butler PC. β-cell mass and turnover in humans: effects of obesity and aging. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 111-117 [PMID: 22875233 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0421] · DOI
  51. Jiao Y, Le Lay J, Yu M, Naji A, Kaestner KH. Elevated mouse hepatic betatrophin expression does not increase human β-cell replication in the transplant setting. Diabetes 2014; 63: 1283-1288 [PMID: 24353178 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1435] · DOI · Paper page
  52. Stewart AF. Betatrophin versus bitter-trophin and the elephant in the room: time for a new normal in β-cell regeneration research. Diabetes 2014; 63: 1198-1199 [PMID: 24651805 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0009] · DOI
  53. Cnop M, Hughes SJ, Igoillo-Esteve M, Hoppa MB, Sayyed F, van de Laar L, Gunter JH, de Koning EJ, Walls GV, Gray DW, Johnson PR, Hansen BC, Morris JF, Pipeleers-Marichal M, Cnop I, Clark A. The long lifespan and low turnover of human islet beta cells estimated by mathematical modelling of lipofuscin accumulation. Diabetologia 2010; 53: 321-330 [PMID: 19855953 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1562-x] · DOI
  54. Mezza T, Muscogiuri G, Sorice GP, Clemente G, Hu J, Pontecorvi A, Holst JJ, Giaccari A, Kulkarni RN. Insulin resistance alters islet morphology in nondiabetic humans. Diabetes 2014; 63: 994-1007 [PMID: 24215793 DOI: 10.2337/ db13-1013] · DOI
  55. Butler AE, Cao-Minh L, Galasso R, Rizza RA, Corradin A, Cobelli C, Butler PC. Adaptive changes in pancreatic beta cell fractional area and beta cell turnover in human pregnancy. Diabetologia 2010; 53: 2167-2176 [PMID: 20523966 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1809-6] · DOI · Paper page
  56. Yoneda S, Uno S, Iwahashi H, Fujita Y, Yoshikawa A, Kozawa J, Okita K, Takiuchi D, Eguchi H, Nagano H, Imagawa A, Shimomura I. Predominance of β-cell neogenesis rather than replication in humans with an impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98: 2053-2061 [PMID: 23539729 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3832] · DOI
  57. Gargani S, Thévenet J, Yuan JE, Lefebvre B, Delalleau N, Gmyr V, Hubert T, Duhamel A, Pattou F, Kerr-Conte J. Adaptive changes of human islets to an obesogenic environment in the mouse. Diabetologia 2013; 56: 350-358 [PMID: 23192693 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2775-y] · DOI
  58. Saisho Y, Manesso E, Butler AE, Galasso R, Kavanagh K, Flynn M, Zhang L, Clark P, Gurlo T, Toffolo GM, Cobelli C, Wagner JD, Butler PC. Ongoing beta-cell turnover in adult nonhuman primates is not adaptively increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60: 848-856 [PMID: 21270238 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1368] · DOI
  59. Guardado-Mendoza R, Jimenez-Ceja L, Majluf-Cruz A, Kamath S, Fiorentino TV, Casiraghi F, Velazquez AO, DeFronzo RA, Dick E, Davalli A, Folli F. Impact of obesity severity and duration on pancreatic β-and α-cell dynamics in normoglycemic non-human primates. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37: 1071-1078 [PMID: 23229736 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.205] · DOI
  60. Rankin MM, Kushner JA. Adaptive beta-cell proliferation is severely restricted with advanced age. Diabetes 2009; 58: 1365-1372 [PMID: 19265026 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1198] · DOI · Paper page
  61. Matsuba I, Saito K, Takai M, Hirao K, Sone H. Fasting insulin levels and metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients at the first visit in Japan: a 10-year, nationwide, observational study (JDDM 28). Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 1853-1857 [PMID: 22665215 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0156] · DOI
  62. Bell JA, Kivimaki M, Hamer M. Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Obes Rev 2014; 15: 504-515 [PMID: 24661566 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12157] · DOI
  63. Heianza Y, Arase Y, Tsuji H, Fujihara K, Saito K, Hsieh SD, Tanaka S, Kodama S, Hara S, Sone H. Metabolically healthy obesity, presence or absence of fatty liver, and risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese individuals: Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center Study 20 (TOPICS 20). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99: 2952-2960 [PMID: 24823457 DOI: 10.1210/ jc.2013-4427] · DOI
  64. Kramer CK, Zinman B, Retnakaran R. Are metabolically healthy overweight and obesity benign conditions?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2013; 159: 758-769 [PMID: 24297192 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-11 -201312030-00008] · DOI
  65. Sone H, Ito H, Ohashi Y, Akanuma Y, Yamada N. Obesity and type 2 diabetes in Japanese patients. Lancet 2003; 361: 85 [PMID: 12517507 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12151-4] · DOI
  66. Hsu WC, Boyko EJ, Fujimoto WY, Kanaya A, Karmally W, Karter A, King GL, Look M, Maskarinec G, Misra R, Tavake- Pasi F, Arakaki R. Pathophysiologic differences among Asians, native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders and treatment implications. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 1189-1198 [PMID: 22517940 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0212] · DOI
  67. Gill TP. Cardiovascular risk in the Asia-Pacific region from a nutrition and metabolic point of view: abdominal obesity. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2001; 10: 85-89 [PMID: 11710363]
  68. Kadowaki T, Sekikawa A, Murata K, Maegawa H, Takamiya T, Okamura T, El-Saed A, Miyamatsu N, Edmundowicz D, Kita Y, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Kuller LH, Ueshima H. Japanese men have larger areas of visceral adipose tissue than Caucasian men in the same levels of waist circumference in a population-based study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30: 1163-1165 [PMID: 16446744 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803248] · DOI
  69. Møller JB, Pedersen M, Tanaka H, Ohsugi M, Overgaard RV, Lynge J, Almind K, Vasconcelos NM, Poulsen P, Keller C, Ueki K, Ingwersen SH, Pedersen BK, Kadowaki T. Body composition is the main determinant for the difference in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology between Japanese and Caucasians. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 796-804 [PMID: 24130359 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-0598] · DOI
  70. Kou K, Saisho Y, Satoh S, Yamada T, Itoh H. Change in β-cell mass in Japanese nondiabetic obese individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98: 3724-3730 [PMID: 23766518 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1373] · DOI
  71. Mizukami H, Takahashi K, Inaba W, Osonoi S, Kamata K, Tsuboi K, Yagihashi S. Age-associated changes of islet endocrine cells and the effects of body mass index in Japanese. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 5: 38-47 [PMID: 24843735 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12118] · DOI
  72. Saisho Y, Kou K, Tanaka K, Abe T, Kurosawa H, Shimada A, Meguro S, Kawai T, Itoh H. Postprandial serum C-peptide to plasma glucose ratio as a predictor of subsequent insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocr J 2011; 58: 315-322 [PMID: 21415555]
  73. Saisho Y, Kou K, Tanaka K, Abe T, Shimada A, Kawai T, Itoh H. Postprandial serum C-peptide to plasma glucose ratio predicts future insulin therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50: 987-988 [PMID: 23212668 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-012-0441-y] · DOI
  74. Saisho Y, Kou K, Tanaka K, Abe T, Shimada A, Kawai T, Itoh H. Association between beta cell function and future glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocr J 2013; 60: 517-523 [PMID: 23268927]
  75. Saisho Y, Tanaka K, Abe T, Kawai T, Itoh H. Lower beta cell function relates to sustained higher glycated albumin to glycated hemoglobin ratio in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocr J 2014; 61: 149-157 [PMID: 24212881]
  76. Nakanishi K, Kobayashi T, Inoko H, Tsuji K, Murase T, Kosaka K. Residual beta-cell function and HLA-A24 in IDDM. Markers of glycemic control and subsequent development of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 1995; 44: 1334-1339 [PMID: 7589833]
  77. Sassa M, Yamada Y, Hosokawa M, Fukuda K, Fujimoto S, Toyoda K, Tsukiyama K, Seino Y, Inagaki N. Glycemic instability in type 1 diabetic patients: Possible role of ketosis or ketoacidosis at onset of diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 81: 190-195 [PMID: 18514964 DOI: 10.1016/ j.diabres.2008.04.009] · DOI
  78. Saisho Y, Tanaka K, Abe T, Shimada A, Kawai T, Itoh H. Glycated albumin to glycated hemoglobin ratio reflects postprandial glucose excursion and relates to β-cell function in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Int 2011; 2: 146-153
  79. Tanaka C, Saisho Y, Tanaka K, Kou K, Tanaka M, Meguro S, Irie J, Jo R, Kawai T, Itoh H. Factors associated with glycemic variability in Japanese patients with diabetes. Diabetol Int 2014; 5: 36-42 [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-013-0129-8] · DOI
  80. Koga M, Murai J, Saito H, Kasayama S. Glycated albumin and glycated hemoglobin are influenced differently by endogenous insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 270-272 [PMID: 19846794 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-1002] 100 · DOI
  81. Day JF, Ingebretsen CG, Ingebretsen WR, Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. Nonenzymatic glucosylation of serum proteins and hemoglobin: response to changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Diabetes 1980; 29: 524-527 [PMID: 6991338] 101
  82. Yoshiuchi K, Matsuhisa M, Katakami N, Nakatani Y, Sakamoto K, Matsuoka T, Umayahara Y, Kosugi K, Kaneto H, Yamasaki Y, Hori M. Glycated albumin is a better indicator for glucose excursion than glycated hemoglobin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Endocr J 2008; 55: 503-507 [PMID: 18445997] 103
  83. Imai T, Oikawa Y, Shimada A. Improved Monitoring of the Hyperglycemic State in Type 1 Diabetes Patients by Use of the Glycoalbumin/HbA1c Ratio. Rev Diabet Stud 2007; 4: 44-48 [PMID: 17565415 DOI: 10.1900/RDS.2007.4.44] 104 · DOI
  84. Takao T, Ide T, Yanagisawa H, Kikuchi M, Kawazu S, Matsuyama Y. The effect of fasting plasma glucose variability on the risk of retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients: retrospective long-term follow-up. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 89: 296-302 [PMID: 20416966 DOI: 10.1016/ j.diabres.2010.03.027] 105 · DOI
  85. Hsu CC, Chang HY, Huang MC, Hwang SJ, Yang YC, Lee YS, Shin SJ, Tai TY. HbA1c variability is associated with microalbuminuria development in type 2 diabetes: a 7-year prospective cohort study. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 3163-3172 [PMID: 22923064 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2700-4] 106 · DOI
  86. Sugawara A, Kawai K, Motohashi S, Saito K, Kodama S, Yachi Y, Hirasawa R, Shimano H, Yamazaki K, Sone H. HbA(1c) variability and the development of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes: Tsukuba Kawai Diabetes Registry 2. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 2128-2131 [PMID: 22580991 DOI: 10.1007/ s00125-012-2572-7] 107 · DOI
  87. Saisho Y. Importance of Β-cell Function for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2014; 3: 923-943 [DOI: 10.3390/ jcm3030923] 109 · DOI
  88. Saisho Y. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and β-cell failure: An Asian perspective. J Mol Genet Med 2014; S1: 8 [DOI: 10.4172/1747-0862.S1-008] 110 · DOI
  89. Williamson DA, Rejeski J, Lang W, Van Dorsten B, Fabricatore AN, Toledo K. Impact of a weight management program on health-related quality of life in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 163-171 [PMID: 19171813 DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.544] 112 · DOI
  90. Gregg EW, Chen H, Wagenknecht LE, Clark JM, Delahanty LM, Bantle J, Pownall HJ, Johnson KC, Safford MM, Kitabchi AE, Pi-Sunyer FX, Wing RR, Bertoni AG. Association of an intensive lifestyle intervention with remission of type 2 diabetes. JAMA 2012; 308: 2489-2496 [PMID: 23288372 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.67929] 114 · DOI
  91. Breyer BN, Phelan S, Hogan PE, Rosen RC, Kitabchi AE, Wing RR, Brown JS; Look AHEAD Research Group. Intensive Lifestyle Intervention Reduces Urinary Incontinence in Overweight/Obese Men with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the Look AHEAD Trial. J Urol 2014 Jun 1; Epub ahead of print [PMID: 24533998 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.036] 115 · DOI
  92. Gerstein HC. Do lifestyle changes reduce serious outcomes in diabetes? N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 189-190 [PMID: 23796132 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe1306987] 116 · DOI
  93. Wadden TA; Look AHEAD Research Group. Impact of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Depression and Health- Related Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Trial. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 1544-1553 [DOI: 10.2337/ dc13-1928] 117 · DOI
  94. Long GH, Cooper AJM, Wareham NJ, Griffin SJ, Simmons RK. Healthy Behavior Change and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cohort Analysis of the ADDITION-Cambridge Study. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 1712-1720 [DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1731] 118 · DOI
  95. Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, Blonde L, Bloomgarden ZT, Bush MA, Dagogo-Jack S, Davidson MB, Einhorn D, Garvey WT, Grunberger G, Handelsman Y, Hirsch IB, Jellinger PS, McGill JB, Mechanick JI, Rosenblit PD, Umpierrez G, Davidson MH. AACE comprehensive diabetes management algorithm 2013. Endocr Pract 2013; 19: 327-336 [PMID: 23598536] 120
  96. Kim CH, Han KA, Oh HJ, Tan KE, Sothiratnam R, Tjokroprawiro A, Klein M. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of metformin extended-release oral antidiabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational trial in Asia. J Diabetes 2012; 4: 395-406 [PMID: 22742083 DOI: 10.1111/ j.1753-0407.2012.00220.x] 122 · DOI
  97. Blind E, Dunder K, de Graeff PA, Abadie E. Rosiglitazone: a European regulatory perspective. Diabetologia 2011; 54: 213-218 [PMID: 21153629 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1992-5] 125 · DOI
  98. McCarthy M. US regulators relax restrictions on rosiglitazone. BMJ 2013; 347: f7144 [PMID: 24286989] 126
  99. Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, Erdmann E, Massi- Benedetti M, Moules IK, Skene AM, Tan MH, Lefèbvre PJ, Murray GD, Standl E, Wilcox RG, Wilhelmsen L, Betteridge J, Birkeland K, Golay A, Heine RJ, Korányi L, Laakso M, Mokán M, Norkus A, Pirags V, Podar T, Scheen A, Scherbaum W, Schernthaner G, Schmitz O, Skrha J, Smith U, Taton J. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1279-1289 [PMID: 16214598 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67528-9] 127 · DOI
  100. Tzoulaki I, Molokhia M, Curcin V, Little MP, Millett CJ, Ng A, Hughes RI, Khunti K, Wilkins MR, Majeed A, Elliott P. Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database. BMJ 2009; 339: b4731 [PMID: 19959591] 128
  101. Loke YK, Kwok CS, Singh S. Comparative cardiovascular effects of thiazolidinediones: systematic review and meta- analysis of observational studies. BMJ 2011; 342: d1309 [PMID: 21415101] 129
  102. Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Wolski K, Nesto R, Kupfer S, Perez A, Jure H, De Larochellière R, Staniloae CS, Mavromatis K, Saw J, Hu B, Lincoff AM, Tuzcu EM. Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008; 299: 1561-1573 [PMID: 18378631 DOI: 10.1001/jama.299.13.1561] 130 · DOI
  103. Meier C, Kraenzlin ME, Bodmer M, Jick SS, Jick H, Meier CR. Use of thiazolidinediones and fracture risk. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 820-825 [PMID: 18443256 DOI: 10.1001/ archinte.168.8.820] 131 · DOI
  104. Lewis JD, Ferrara A, Peng T, Hedderson M, Bilker WB, Quesenberry CP, Vaughn DJ, Nessel L, Selby J, Strom BL. Risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone: interim report of a longitudinal cohort study. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 916-922 [PMID: 21447663 DOI: 10.2337/dc10-1068] 132 · DOI
  105. Colmers IN, Bowker SL, Majumdar SR, Johnson JA. Use of thiazolidinediones and the risk of bladder cancer among people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2012; 184: E675-E683 [PMID: 22761478 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.112102] 134 · DOI
  106. Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M. Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the STOP-NIDDM randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 359: 2072-2077 [PMID: 12086760 DOI: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(02)08905-5] 135 · DOI
  107. Kawamori R, Tajima N, Iwamoto Y, Kashiwagi A, Shimamoto K, Kaku K. Voglibose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind trial in Japanese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Lancet 2009; 373: 1607-1614 [PMID: 19395079 DOI: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(09)60222-1] 136 · DOI
  108. Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M. Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial. JAMA 2003; 290: 486-494 [PMID: 12876091 DOI: 10.1001/jama.290.4.486] 137 · DOI
  109. Hanefeld M, Chiasson JL, Koehler C, Henkel E, Schaper F, Temelkova-Kurktschiev T. Acarbose slows progression of intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Stroke 2004; 35: 1073-1078 [PMID: 15073402 DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000125864.01546.f2] 138 · DOI
  110. Hanefeld M, Cagatay M, Petrowitsch T, Neuser D, Petzinna D, Rupp M. Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic patients: meta-analysis of seven long-term studies. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 10-16 [PMID: 14683737 DOI: 10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00468-8] 139 · DOI
  111. Drucker DJ, Nauck MA. The incretin system: glucagon- like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2006; 368: 1696-1705 [PMID: 17098089 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69705-5] 140 · DOI
  112. Kendall DM, Cuddihy RM, Bergenstal RM. Clinical application of incretin-based therapy: therapeutic potential, patient selection and clinical use. Am J Med 2009; 122: S37-S50 [PMID: 19464427 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.015] 141 · DOI
  113. Karagiannis T, Paschos P, Paletas K, Matthews DR, Tsapas A. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012; 344: e1369 [PMID: 22411919 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e1369] 142 · DOI
  114. Aroda VR, Henry RR, Han J, Huang W, DeYoung MB, Darsow T, Hoogwerf BJ. Efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors: meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin Ther 2012; 34: 1247-1258.e22 [PMID: 22608780 DOI: 1016/ j.clinthera.2012.04.013] 143
  115. Rolin B, Larsen MO, Gotfredsen CF, Deacon CF, Carr RD, Wilken M, Knudsen LB. The long-acting GLP-1 derivative NN2211 ameliorates glycemia and increases beta-cell mass in diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 283: E745-E752 [PMID: 12217892 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00030.2002] 144 · DOI
  116. Lamont BJ, Li Y, Kwan E, Brown TJ, Gaisano H, Drucker DJ. Pancreatic GLP-1 receptor activation is sufficient for incretin control of glucose metabolism in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122: 388-402 [PMID: 22182839] 145
  117. Kohro T, Yamazaki T, Sato H, Harada K, Ohe K, Komuro I, Nagai R. Trends in antidiabetic prescription patterns in Japan from 2005 to 2011. Int Heart J 2013; 54: 93-97 [PMID: 23676369] 149
  118. Kodani N, Saisho Y, Tanaka K, Kawai T, Itoh H. Effects of mitiglinide, a short-acting insulin secretagogue, on daily glycemic variability and oxidative stress markers in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Drug Investig 2013; 33: 563-570 [PMID: 23797928 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-013-0098-5] 150 · DOI
  119. Del Prato S, Tiengo A. The importance of first-phase insulin secretion: implications for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2001; 17: 164-174 [PMID: 11424229 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.198] 151 · DOI
  120. Weng J, Li Y, Xu W, Shi L, Zhang Q, Zhu D, Hu Y, Zhou Z, Yan X, Tian H, Ran X, Luo Z, Xian J, Yan L, Li F, Zeng L, Chen Y, Yang L, Yan S, Liu J, Li M, Fu Z, Cheng H. Effect of intensive insulin therapy on beta-cell function and glycaemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a multicentre randomised parallel-group trial. Lancet 2008; 371: 1753-1760 [PMID: 18502299 DOI: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(08)60762-X] 153 · DOI
  121. Pennartz C, Schenker N, Menge BA, Schmidt WE, Nauck MA, Meier JJ. Chronic reduction of fasting glycemia with insulin glargine improves first-and second-phase insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 2048-2053 [PMID: 21775756 DOI: 10.2337/dc11-0471] 154 · DOI
  122. Unger RH. Reinventing type 2 diabetes: pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. JAMA 2008; 299: 1185-1187 [PMID: 18334695 DOI: 10.1001/jama.299.10.1185] 155 · DOI
  123. Tahrani AA, Barnett AH, Bailey CJ. SGLT inhibitors in management of diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2013; 1: 140-151 [PMID: 24622320 DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70050-0] 156 · DOI
  124. Vasilakou D, Karagiannis T, Athanasiadou E, Mainou M, Liakos A, Bekiari E, Sarigianni M, Matthews DR, Tsapas A. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2013; 159: 262-274 [PMID: 24026259 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-4- 201308200-00007] 157 · DOI
  125. Riser Taylor S, Harris KB. The clinical efficacy and safety of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacotherapy 2013; 33: 984-999 [PMID: 23744749 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1303] 158 · DOI
  126. Schauer PR, Bhatt DL, Kirwan JP, Wolski K, Brethauer SA, Navaneethan SD, Aminian A, Pothier CE, Kim ES, Nissen SE, Kashyap SR. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes--3-year outcomes. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2002-2013 [PMID: 24679060 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1401329] 160 · DOI
  127. Dutia R, Brakoniecki K, Bunker P, Paultre F, Homel P, Carpentier AC, McGinty J, Laferrère B. Limited recovery of β-cell function after gastric bypass despite clinical diabetes remission. Diabetes 2014; 63: 1214-1223 [PMID: 24296713 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1176] 161 · DOI
  128. Dixon JB, Chuang LM, Chong K, Chen SC, Lambert GW, Straznicky NE, Lambert EA, Lee WJ. Predicting the glycemic response to gastric bypass surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 20-26 [PMID: 23033249 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0779] 162 · DOI
  129. Lee YC, Lee WJ, Liew PL. Predictors of remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients after gastrointestinal surgery. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 7: e494-e500 [PMID: 24308892 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.190] 163 · DOI
  130. Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX, Hu ZX, Lin J, Xiao JZ, Cao HB, Liu PA, Jiang XG, Jiang YY, Wang JP, Zheng H, Zhang H, Bennett PH, Howard BV. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 537-544 [PMID: 9096977 DOI: 10.2337/ diacare.20.4.537] 164 · DOI
  131. Yoon U, Kwok LL, Magkidis A. Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in reducing diabetes incidence in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism 2013; 62: 303-314 [PMID: 22959500 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.07.009] 167 · DOI
  132. Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, Bosch J, Pogue J, Sheridan P, Dinccag N, Hanefeld M, Hoogwerf B, Laakso M, Mohan V, Shaw J, Zinman B, Holman RR. Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 368: 1096-1105 [PMID: 16997664 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69420-8] 169 · DOI
  133. Knowler WC, Hamman RF, Edelstein SL, Barrett-Connor E, Ehrmann DA, Walker EA, Fowler SE, Nathan DM, Kahn SE. Prevention of type 2 diabetes with troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes 2005; 54: 1150-1156 [PMID: 15793255] 170
  134. Holman RR, Haffner SM, McMurray JJ, Bethel MA, Holzhauer B, Hua TA, Belenkov Y, Boolell M, Buse JB, Buckley BM, Chacra AR, Chiang FT, Charbonnel B, Chow CC, Davies MJ, Deedwania P, Diem P, Einhorn D, Fonseca V, Fulcher GR, Gaciong Z, Gaztambide S, Giles T, Horton E, Ilkova H, Jenssen T, Kahn SE, Krum H, Laakso M, Leiter LA, Levitt NS, Mareev V, Martinez F, Masson C, Mazzone T, Meaney E, Nesto R, Pan C, Prager R, Raptis SA, Rutten GE, Sandstroem H, Schaper F, Scheen A, Schmitz O, Sinay I, Soska V, Stender S, Tamás G, Tognoni G, Tuomilehto J, Villamil AS, Vozár J, Califf RM. Effect of nateglinide on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1463-1476 [PMID: 20228402 DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMoa1001122] 171 · DOI
  135. Yates T, Haffner SM, Schulte PJ, Thomas L, Huffman KM, Bales CW, Califf RM, Holman RR, McMurray JJ, Bethel MA, Tuomilehto J, Davies MJ, Kraus WE. Association between change in daily ambulatory activity and cardiovascular events in people with impaired glucose tolerance (NAVIGATOR trial): a cohort analysis. Lancet 2014; 383: 1059-1066 [PMID: 24361242 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62061-9] 172 · DOI
  136. Li G, Zhang P, Wang J, An Y, Gong Q, Gregg EW, Yang W, Zhang B, Shuai Y, Hong J, Engelgau MM, Li H, Roglic G, Hu Y, Bennett PH. Cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and diabetes incidence after lifestyle intervention for people with impaired glucose tolerance in the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a 23-year follow-up study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014; 2: 474-480 [PMID: 24731674 DOI: 10.1016/ s2213-8587(14)70057-9] 173 · DOI
  137. Villareal DT, Chode S, Parimi N, Sinacore DR, Hilton T, Armamento-Villareal R, Napoli N, Qualls C, Shah K. Weight loss, exercise, or both and physical function in obese older adults. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1218-1229 [PMID: 21449785 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1008234] 174 · DOI
  138. Pal A, McCarthy MI. The genetics of type 2 diabetes and its clinical relevance. Clin Genet 2013; 83: 297-306 [PMID: 23167659 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12055] 175 · DOI
  139. Jonsson A, Ladenvall C, Ahluwalia TS, Kravic J, Krus U, Taneera J, Isomaa B, Tuomi T, Renström E, Groop L, Lyssenko V. Effects of common genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits on α-and β-cell function and insulin action in humans. Diabetes 2013; 62: 2978-2983 [PMID: 23557703 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1627] 176 · DOI
  140. Andersson EA, Allin KH, Sandholt CH, Borglykke A, Lau CJ, Ribel-Madsen R, Sparsø T, Justesen JM, Harder MN, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Hansen T, Pedersen O. Genetic risk score of 46 type 2 diabetes risk variants associates with changes in plasma glucose and estimates of pancreatic β-cell function over 5 years of follow-up. Diabetes 2013; 62: 3610-3617 [PMID: 23835328 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0362] 177 · DOI
  141. Iwata M, Maeda S, Kamura Y, Takano A, Kato H, Murakami S, Higuchi K, Takahashi A, Fujita H, Hara K, Kadowaki T, Tobe K. Genetic risk score constructed using 14 susceptibility alleles for type 2 diabetes is associated with the early onset of diabetes and may predict the future requirement of insulin injections among Japanese individuals. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 1763-1770 [PMID: 22688542 DOI: 10.2337/dc11-2006] 178 · DOI
  142. Pasquali L, Gaulton KJ, Rodríguez-Seguí SA, Mularoni L, Miguel-Escalada I, Akerman I, Tena JJ, Morán I, Gómez- Marín C, van de Bunt M, Ponsa-Cobas J, Castro N, Nammo T, Cebola I, García-Hurtado J, Maestro MA, Pattou F, Piemonti L, Berney T, Gloyn AL, Ravassard P, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, Müller F, McCarthy MI, Ferrer J. Pancreatic islet enhancer clusters enriched in type 2 diabetes risk-associated variants. Nat Genet 2014; 46: 136-143 [PMID: 24413736 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2870] · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Saisho, Y.
Affiliations
Keio University (JP)
Corresponding author
Saisho, Yoshifumi
ORCID
Saisho, Yoshifumi
Venue
World Journal of Diabetes
Publisher
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Published
2015
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
109
ISSN
1948-9358 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.109
PMC
PMC4317303
OpenAlex
W2079771683
Cited by
263
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1
FWCI
2.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • World Journal of Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Keywords
beta-cell dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, glycemic control, disease duration, lifestyle modification, weight loss, diabetes prevention, diabetes treatment strategies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review