New aging index using signal features of both photoplethysmograms and acceleration plethysmograms
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: Acceleration plethysmograms (APGs) are obtained by taking the second derivative of photoplethysmograms (PPGs) and are noninvasive circulatory signals related to risk factors for atherosclerosis with age.There has been growing in terest in the development of mobile devices to collect and analyze PPG single features for ambulatory health monitoring.The present study aimed to extract a new feature from the morphologies of APG and PPG signals to classify the dominant indices related to the pulsatile volume of blood in tissue according to age.Methods: Ten APG and 14 PPG indices were simultane ously extracted.All indices were compared via Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and a regression analysis.We introduced a combined index extracted from both the PPG and APG indices defined as the inflection point area plus the d_peak (IPAD).The participants included 93 healthy adults aged 36-86 years with a mean ± standard deviation age of 57.43 ± 11.99 years. Results:The d_peak and age index for the APG indices were significantly correlated with age (r = -0.408,p < 0.0001 and r = 0.296, p = 0.0039, respectively).Only the A1 time for PPG indices was moderately correlated with age (r = -0.247,p = 0.017).The stiffness index, including individual height information, was not related to age (r = -0.031,p = 0.7713).However, the combined IPAD index was significantly more correlated with age (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) than the other indices.Conclusions: The proposed index outperformed the other 24 indices for evaluating vascular aging.We suggest that the IPAD is a signifi cant factor related to the clinical information embedded in the PPG waveform.
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Ahn et al. extracted features from fingertip-based PPG and the second derivative PPG (APG) and correlated them to chronological age to determine what they defined as the vascular age index.
“Using data from 93 individuals of various ages, Ahn et al. extracted features from fingertip-based PPG and the second derivative PPG, acceleration plethysmography (APG, Figure 4), and correlated them to chronological age in order to determine what they defined as the vascular age index [83].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
The parameters attributed to Ahn et al. yielded a statistically significant, albeit poor, correlation with age.
“The parameters listed in Table 3 attributed to Ahn et al. yielded a statistically significant, albeit poor, correlation with age [83].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
There are many components to a PPG signal and its derivatives that literature records having variation as a function of age.
“There are many components to a PPG signal and its derivatives that literature records having variation as a function of age [83].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
Magnitude of d decreases as age increases.
“| Magnitude of d | Decrease | Ahn et al., 2017 | [83] |”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
b/a increases as age increases.
“| b/a | Increase | Ahn et al., 2017 | [83] |”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
Reflection index increases as age increases.
“| Reflection index | Increase | Ahn et al., 2017 | [83] |”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
Systolic time decreases as age increases.
“| Systolic time | Decrease | Ahn et al., 2017 | [83] |”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
Magnitude of c increases as age increases.
“| Magnitude of c | Increase | Ahn et al., 2017 | [83] |”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
Inflection point area decreases as age increases.
“| Inflection point area | Decrease | Ahn et al., 2017 | [83] |”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
Diastolic peak amplitude decreases as age increases.
“| Diastolic peak amplitude | Decrease | Ahn et al., 2017 | [83] |”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
Slope of line between b and d increases as age increases.
“| Slope of line between b and d | Increase | Ahn et al., 2017 | [83] |”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
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- Authors
- Ahn, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Hallym University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Ahn, Jae Mok
- Venue
- Healthcare Informatics Research
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 53
- ISSN
- 2093-3681 (ISSN-L)
- 2093-369X
- PMC
- PMC5334132
- OpenAlex
- W2592093829
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Healthcare Informatics Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Hallym University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- photoplethysmogram, vascular aging, aging index, D peak, arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis risk, mobile devices
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