Perception without awareness of what is perceived, learning without awareness of what is learned
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Learning and memory can exert their effects without any inner feel; the same applies to perception.
“It is well-established that learning and memory can exert their effects without any “inner feel”; and the same applies to perception.”
From The Hard Problem of Consciousness and the Free Energy Principle (2019) · cites this paper as Kihlstrom's, 1996
All cognitive functions, such as memory, are not intrinsically conscious.
“All cognitive functions (such as memory) are not intrinsically conscious.”
From The Hard Problem of Consciousness and the Free Energy Principle (2019) · cites this paper as Kihlstrom's, 1996
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“…in the brain, does not know about knowledge imprinted in the implicit system, making it unavailable for representation in working memory, and thus consciousness (for more details, see Cleeremans and Jiménez, 2002; Haider and Frensch, 2005; Karmiloff-Smith, 1992; Kihlstrom, 1996; MacDonald, 2008).”
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“Perceptual processing therefore does not require consciousness, as is amply demonstrated by the vast abilities of the “cognitive unconscious” (for review, see Kihlstrom, 1996).”
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“30 Volume 15—Number 1 ing, supporting the view that distinct kinds of conscious experience are involved (cf. Kihlstrom, 1996; Merikle & Daneman, 1998).”
Anatomy of attentional networks
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“Data suggest that much of this unattended information is actually processed in subtle and complicated ways (Kihlstrom, 1996).”
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“As we know, cognition typically remains unconscious (for the classical reviews, see Kihlstrom, 1996; Bargh and Chartrand, 1999).”
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“…what is clear is 2 Although there is a well-developed literature on the cognitive unconscious—including implicit perception, learning and thought (Kihlstrom 1987, 1996)—the vast majority of the literature on the placebo effect (with the exception of work on a conditioned placebo response)…”
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Self-citationA connectionist theory of phenomenal experience
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INPUT, INTAKE, AND CONSCIOUSNESS
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“Thus, some additional processing should be possible on the basis of the subliminal AS representation, but it should be quite limited, as has been found for subliminal learning in general (Greenwald et al., 1995 ; Kihlstrom, 1996 ; Merikle et al., 2001 ; Schmidt, 1990 ).”
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“…and conscious information processing and the types and levels of brain activity corresponding to them (Crick & Koch, 1998; de Gelder, de Haan, & Heywood, 2001; Kihlstrom, 1996; Leopold & Logothetis, 1996; Mack & Rock, 1998; Metzinger, 2000; Milner & Goodale, 1995; Weiskrantz, 1997; Zeki, 1997).”
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“…(38) stimulus processing that does not reach awareness in the form of conscious content but can nevertheless be stored implicitly or unconsciously and have important influences on perception, cognitions and behavior at some later time (Lewicki, 1986; Marshall and Halligan, 1988; Kihlstrom, 1996).”
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“Since the 1980s, in addition to studying various forms of explicit, conscious information processing, cognitive psychologists have increasingly probed the cognitive unconscious for its information processing abilities (Kihlstrom, 1996).”
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“…to the theory of implicit memory (Schacter, 1987), argued that subliminal perception is a (psychophysical) subcategory of implicit perception (Kihlstrom, 1996, 2004; Kihlstrom, Barnhardt, & Tataryn, 1992); a phenomenon that reflects ‘‘. . .the effect on the subjects’ experience, thought, or…”
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“…if he ''recognizes'' the one he prefers, or the one that seems to have greater contrast—or, put more generally, whichever one has more salience (Dorfman, Kihlstrom, Cork, & Misiaszek, 1995; Dorfman, Shames, & Kihlstrom, 1996; Kihlstrom & Dorfman, 2002, October; Kihlstrom, Shames, & Dorfman, 1996).”
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“…distinction between preconscious (unaware but potentially accessible) and unconscious (unaware and inaccessible) (Freud, 1942; Dehaene et al., 2006; Kihlstrom, 1990, 1996, 2013) was preserved in contemporary psychological research and formed the basis for the contemporary assessment of unconscious…”
ResultUnconscious and conscious priming by forms and their parts
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“…to them have been major topics of interest among cognitive psychologists and neuroscientists (Crick & Koch, 1998; de Gelder, de Haan, & Heywood, 2001; Kihlstrom, 1996; Kreiman, Fried, & Koch, 2002; Leopold & Logothetis, 1996; Metzinger, 2000; Milner & Goodale, 1995; Weiskrantz, 1997; Zeki, 1997).”
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“…between Stroop interference (eliminated) and negative priming (intact) is confirmed in an experiment with sufficient power to test the hypothesis, it might be possible to interpret preserved negative priming in terms of implicit perception (Kihlstrom, 1996; Kihlstrom, Barnhardt, & Tataryn, 1992).”
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“Research in the domain of implicit knowledge/memory (for reviews, see Holender, 1986; Kihlstrom, 1996; Shanks & St. John, 1994) has shown this empirically.”
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“…Challenge al account of subsequent pushback to DLWA and revival of subliminal perception as a matter of scientific relevance, the chapter written by Kihlstrom (1996) is well worth reading, wrote about DLWA: Certainly the most powerful and influential criticism of subliminal perception came from…”
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“Supporting this position, Kihlstrom (1996) presents evidence that perception can take place with no awareness of what we perceive, and learning without awareness of what we learn.”
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“Unlike functional tasks, building awareness is an experiential activity that involves self-reflection and forming a deeper understanding of oneself (Carden et al., 2022; Kihlstrom, 1996).”
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- Authors
- Kihlstrom, J. F.
- Corresponding author
- Kihlstrom, John F
- ORCID
- Kihlstrom, John F
- Venue
- The Science of Consciousness
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- Published
- 2010-02-16
- Pages
- 23-46
- OpenAlex
- W2490558748
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 8.67
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Taylor & Francis eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- implicit learning, implicit perception, awareness, unconscious learning, unconscious perception
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