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Cited by 159Pain Management and Placebo EffectMedicine, History, and PhilosophyEmpathy and Medical Education

Reconsidering the Placebo Response from a Broad Anthropological Perspective

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Thompson, Jennifer Jo, Ritenbaugh, Cheryl, Nichter, Mark·2009·Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry
DOI 10.1007/s11013-008-9122-2PMC PMC2730465
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Abstract

This paper considers how the full range of human experience may catalyze a placebo response. The placebo effect has been characterized as something to control in clinical research, something to cultivate in clinical practice and something present in all healing encounters. We examine domains in which the term 'placebo' is used in discourse: clinical research, clinical practice, media representations of treatment efficacy and lay interpretations of placebo--an underresearched topic. We briefly review major theoretical frameworks proposed to explain the placebo effect: classical conditioning, expectancy, the therapeutic relationship and sociocultural 'meaning.' As a corrective to what we see as an overemphasis on conscious cognitive approaches to understanding placebo, we reorient the discussion to argue that direct embodied experience may take precedence over meaning-making in the healing encounter. As an example, we examine the neurobiology of rehearsing or visualizing wellness as a mode of directly (performatively) producing an outcome often dismissed as a 'placebo response.' Given body/mind/emotional resonance, we suggest that the placebo response is an evolutionarily adaptive trait and part of healing mechanisms operating across many levels--from genetic and cellular to social and cultural.

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  • The body can respond positively, before or even in the absence of conscious awareness, to certain sensory and affective stimuli, through effects frequently characterised as 'placebo'.

    “Embodiment also has positive effects: the body can respond positively, before or even in the absence of conscious awareness, to certain sensory and affective stimuli, through effects frequently characterised as 'placebo' (Thompson, Ritenbaugh, and Nichter 2009, 128-131).”

    From Yoga bodies, yoga minds: contextualising the health discourses and practices of modern postural yoga (2021) · cites this paper as Thompson, Ritenbaugh, and Nichter 2009

  • Bio-cultural research on embodied experience demonstrates interconnections and feedback loops between physiology and direct sociocultural experience in the world.

    “The lens of embodiment is useful for understanding the connections between social context and the body: bio-cultural research on embodied experience demonstrates 'interconnections and feedback loops between physiology and direct sociocultural experience in the world' (Thompson, Ritenbaugh, and Nichter 2009, 129).”

    From Yoga bodies, yoga minds: contextualising the health discourses and practices of modern postural yoga (2021) · cites this paper as Thompson, Ritenbaugh, and Nichter 2009

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Authors
Thompson, J. J., Ritenbaugh, C., & Nichter, M.
Affiliations
University of Arizona (US)
Corresponding author
Nichter, Mark
ORCID
Venue
Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2008-12-24
Volume
33
Issue
1
Pages
112-152
ISSN
  • 0165-005X (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-076X
DOI
10.1007/s11013-008-9122-2
PMC
PMC2730465
OpenAlex
W2100666387
Cited by
159
References
21
Citations by year
2025: 6 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
FWCI
3.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Culture Medicine and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (T32AT001287)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Empathy and Medical Education
Keywords
placebo response, placebo effect, embodied experience, therapeutic relationship, classical conditioning, expectancy, meaning-making, mind-body problem, adaptive evolution, performativity
MeSH terms
Anthropology, Cultural, Humans, Mass Media, Models, Theoretical, Neurobiology, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Review Literature as Topic, Placebo Effect, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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