Cited by 216Race, History, and American SocietyRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchCritical Race Theory in Education

Systemic Racism

Feagin, Joe·2013·Routledge eBooks

Abstract

In this book, Feagin develops a theory of systemic racism to interpret the highly racialized character and development of this society. Exploring the distinctive social worlds that have been created by racial oppression over nearly four centuries and what this has meant for the people of the United States, focusing his analysis on white-on-black oppression. Drawing on the commentaries of black and white Americans in three historical eras; the slavery era, the legal segregation era, and then those of white Americans. Feagin examines how major institutions have been thoroughly pervaded by racial stereotypes, ideas, images, emotions, and practices. He theorizes that this system of racial oppression was not an accident of history, but was created intentionally by white Americans. While significant changes have occurred in this racist system over the centuries, key and fundamentally elements have been reproduced over nearly four centuries, and US institutions today imbed the racialized hierarchy created in the 17th century. Today, as in the past, racial oppression is not just a surface-level feature of society, but rather it pervades, permeates, and interconnects all major social groups, networks, and institutions across society.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4324/9781315880938

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Racial discrimination is not limited to an interpersonal level; BIPOC communities face a pattern of racist acts and barriers in educational, health, judicial, and social institutions; child-protection services; and systems that reinforce the ongoing nature of racism.

    “Moreover, racial discrimination is not limited to an interpersonal level. In fact, BIPOC communities face a pattern of racist acts and barriers in educational, health, judicial, and social institutions; child-protection services; and systems that reinforce the ongoing nature of racism”

    From Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment (2023) · cites this paper as Feagin, 2013

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Feagin, J.
Corresponding author
Feagin, Joe
Venue
Routledge eBooks
Publisher
Routledge
Published
2013-09-13
OpenAlex
W4253877549
Cited by
216
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2
FWCI
2.68
Type
book
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Race, History, and American Society
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
Keywords
systemic racism, racial oppression, racial hierarchy, racial stereotypes, slavery, racial inequality, racialization, social institutions, United States

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review