Systemic Racism
Abstract
In this book, Feagin develops a theory of systemic racism to interpret the highly racialized character and development of this society. Exploring the distinctive social worlds that have been created by racial oppression over nearly four centuries and what this has meant for the people of the United States, focusing his analysis on white-on-black oppression. Drawing on the commentaries of black and white Americans in three historical eras; the slavery era, the legal segregation era, and then those of white Americans. Feagin examines how major institutions have been thoroughly pervaded by racial stereotypes, ideas, images, emotions, and practices. He theorizes that this system of racial oppression was not an accident of history, but was created intentionally by white Americans. While significant changes have occurred in this racist system over the centuries, key and fundamentally elements have been reproduced over nearly four centuries, and US institutions today imbed the racialized hierarchy created in the 17th century. Today, as in the past, racial oppression is not just a surface-level feature of society, but rather it pervades, permeates, and interconnects all major social groups, networks, and institutions across society.
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Racial discrimination is not limited to an interpersonal level; BIPOC communities face a pattern of racist acts and barriers in educational, health, judicial, and social institutions; child-protection services; and systems that reinforce the ongoing nature of racism.
“Moreover, racial discrimination is not limited to an interpersonal level. In fact, BIPOC communities face a pattern of racist acts and barriers in educational, health, judicial, and social institutions; child-protection services; and systems that reinforce the ongoing nature of racism”
From Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment (2023) · cites this paper as Feagin, 2013
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Anderson, R. E., McKenny, M. C., & Stevenson, H. C. (2019) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12412 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment
Cénat, J. M. (2023) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916221120428 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
English, D., Boone, C. A., Carter, J. A., Talan, A. J., Busby, D. R., Moody, R. L., Cunningham, D. J., Bowleg, L., & Rendina, H. J. (2022) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12726 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Hill, L. K., & Hoggard, L. S. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418001268 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Karimi, A., & Wilkes, R. (2024) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2023.2174810 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Feagin, J.
- Corresponding author
- Feagin, Joe
- Venue
- Routledge eBooks
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Published
- 2013-09-13
- OpenAlex
- W4253877549
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 2.68
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Race, History, and American Society
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
- Keywords
- systemic racism, racial oppression, racial hierarchy, racial stereotypes, slavery, racial inequality, racialization, social institutions, United States
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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