Radiative and climate impacts of a large volcanic eruption during stratospheric sulfur geoengineering
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Abstract
Abstract. Both explosive volcanic eruptions, which emit sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, and stratospheric geoengineering via sulfur injections can potentially cool the climate by increasing the amount of scattering particles in the atmosphere. Here we employ a global aerosol-climate model and an earth system model to study the radiative and climate impacts of an erupting volcano during solar radiation management (SRM). According to our simulations, the radiative impacts of an eruption and SRM are not additive: in the simulated case of concurrent eruption and SRM, the peak increase in global forcing is about 40 % lower compared to a corresponding eruption into a clean background atmosphere. In addition, the recovery of the stratospheric sulfate burden and forcing was significantly faster in the concurrent case since the sulfate particles grew larger and thus sedimented faster from the stratosphere. In our simulation where we assumed that SRM would be stopped immediately after a volcano eruption, stopping SRM decreased the overall stratospheric aerosol load. For the same reasons, a volcanic eruption during SRM lead to only about 1/3 of the peak global ensemble-mean cooling compared to an eruption under unperturbed atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, the global cooling signal was seen only for 12 months after the eruption in the former scenario compared to over 40 months in the latter. In terms of the global precipitation rate, we obtain a 36 % smaller decrease in the first year after the eruption and again a clearly faster recovery in the concurrent eruption and SRM scenario. We also found that an explosive eruption could lead to significantly different regional climate responses depending on whether it takes place during geoengineering or into an unperturbed background atmosphere. Our results imply that observations from previous large eruptions, such as Mt Pinatubo in 1991, are not directly applicable when estimating the potential consequences of a volcanic eruption during stratospheric geoengineering.
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Severe overcooling from a volcanic eruption combined with SAI seems unlikely because the cooling of SAI and volcanic winter are not additive.
“While severe overcooling seems unlikely [the cooling of SAI and volcanic winter are not additive (Laakso et al., 2016)]”
From A Fate Worse Than Warming? Stratospheric Aerosol Injection and Global Catastrophic Risk (2021) · cites this paper as Laakso et al., 2016
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Climate Action Gaming Experiment: Methods and Example Results
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Impact of climate change on volcanic processes: current understanding and future challengesPreprint
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15. A Fate Worse Than Warming?
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Characteristics of a Solar Geoengineering Deployment: Considerations for Governance
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- Authors
- Laakso, A., Kokkola, H., Partanen, A.-I., Niemeier, U., Timmreck, C., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Hakkarainen, H., & Korhonen, H.
- Affiliations
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FI)
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (DE)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Laakso, A.
- Venue
- Atmospheric chemistry and physics
- Publisher
- Copernicus GmbH
- Published
- 2016-01-18
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 305-323
- ISSN
- 1680-7316 (ISSN-L)
- 1680-7324
- OpenAlex
- W2268046997
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Atmospheric chemistry and physics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Luonnontieteiden ja Tekniikan Tutkimuksen Toimikunta (140867, 272041)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Keywords
- volcanic eruptions, solar radiation management, sulfur dioxide insertion, stratospheric sulfate aerosols, radiative forcing, global mean precipitation, global cooling, Mount Pinatubo, regional climate response
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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