Belief in Free Will: Measurement and Conceptualization Innovations
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Free will beliefs were measured using the Free Will Inventory (FWI) and the Free Will and Determinism (FWD) personal agency subscale.
“For the extension, free will beliefs were measured before the replication using two free will belief subscales: Free Will Inventory (FWI) (Nadelhoffer et al., 2014) (5 items; 1 = Strongly disagree, 7 = Strongly agree; = 0.91) and Free Will and Determinism (FWD) personal agency subscale (Rakos et al., 2008) (4 items; 1 = Not true at all, 5 = Almost always true; = 0.92).”
From Agency and self-other asymmetries in perceived bias and shortcomings: Replications of the Bias Blind Spot and link to free will beliefs (2021) · cites this paper as Rakos et al., 2008
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“…two free will belief subscales: Free Will Inventory (FWI) (Nadelhoffer et al., 2014) (5 items; 1 = Strongly disagree , 7 = Strongly agree ; = 0.91) and Free Will and Determinism (FWD) personal agency subscale (Rakos et al., 2008) (4 items; 1 = Not true at all , 5 = Almost always true ; 𝛼 = 0.92).”
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Addiction and Voluntariness: Five “Challenges” to Address in Moving the Discussion Forward
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- Authors
- Rakos, R. F., Laurene, K. R., Skala, S., & Slane, S.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland State University (US)
- Bowling Green State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rakos, Richard F.
- Venue
- Behavior and Social Issues
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-40
- ISSN
- 1064-9506 (ISSN-L)
- 2376-6786
- OpenAlex
- W2133156275
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Behavior and Social Issues (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Keywords
- belief in free will, adolescents, adults, purposes of punishment, retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, locus of control, self-esteem, religious conviction, cultural conditioning, adaptive evolution, sociocultural change
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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