Human agency in social cognitive theory.
Abstract
The present article examines the nature and function of human agency within the conceptual model of triadic reciprocal causation. In analyzing the operation of human agency in this interactional causal structure, social cognitive theory accords a central role to cognitive, vicarious, self-reflective, and self-regulatory processes. The issues addressed concern the psychological mechanisms through which personal agency is exercised, the hierarchical structure of self-regulatory systems, eschewal of the dichotomous construal of self as agent and self as object, and the properties of a nondualistic but nonreductional conception of human agency. The relation of agent causality to the fundamental issues of freedom and determinism is also analyzed.
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“we found that higher-and lower-rank employees described adaptive moves directed toward aspects of their work (or home) where they felt they had more efficacy and control.”
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“However, knowledge alone does not guarantee innovation.”
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Behavior depends not only on competence but also on self-efficacy beliefs and cognitive appraisal.
“Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) suggests that behavior depends not only on competence but also on self-efficacy beliefs and cognitive appraisal (Bandura, 1989).”
From AI teaching innovation behavior among college teachers: a structural equation modeling analysis based on the AI-TPACK framework, teaching self-efficacy, professional identity, and AI literacy (2026) · cites this paper as Bandura, 1989
When teachers strongly identify with their professional role, they form a positive self-concept, which enhances their confidence in addressing instructional challenges.
“According to Bandura (1989)’ SCT, when teachers strongly identify with their professional role, they form a positive self-concept, which enhances their confidence in addressing instructional challenges.”
From AI teaching innovation behavior among college teachers: a structural equation modeling analysis based on the AI-TPACK framework, teaching self-efficacy, professional identity, and AI literacy (2026) · cites this paper as Bandura, 1989
Such competence may enhance teachers' perceived control and mastery experiences when engaging with AI-supported instructional environments, thereby strengthening TSE.
“From the perspective of SCT, such competence may enhance teachers’ perceived control and mastery experiences when engaging with AI-supported instructional environments, thereby strengthening TSE (Bandura, 1989).”
From AI teaching innovation behavior among college teachers: a structural equation modeling analysis based on the AI-TPACK framework, teaching self-efficacy, professional identity, and AI literacy (2026) · cites this paper as Bandura, 1989
Social cognitive theory points out that the mutual interaction of one's personal factors, behavior, and environment influences future behavioral performance.
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It has been shown for other domains of cognition, including visual discrimination performance, that a prior belief of mastery enhances actual performance.
“Notably, while this type of metacognitive mechanism remains to be established for interoception and allostasis, it has been shown for other domains of cognition, including low-level processes such as visual discrimination performance (Zacharopoulos et al., 2014), that a prior belief of mastery enhances the actual performance (for reviews, see Bandura, 1977, 1989).”
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Osborn, C. Y., Amico, K. R., Cruz, N., O'Connell, A. A., Perez-Escamilla, R., Kalichman, S. C., Wolf, S. A., & Fisher, J. D. (2010) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198110366004 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Bandura, A.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bandura, Albert
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1989
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1175-1184
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2153403719
- Cited by
- 8,263
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 356 · 2025: 506 · 2024: 519 · 2023: 528 · 2022: 534 · 2021: 453 · 2020: 631 · 2019: 452 · 2018: 417 · 2017: 347 · 2016: 348 · 2015: 341 · 2014: 330 · 2013: 295 · 2012: 318
- FWCI
- 26.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-5162-25)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Realism in Sociology
- Keywords
- human agency, social cognitive theory, self-regulation, observational learning, self-reflection, non-dualism, freedom and determinism, cognitive processes
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Humans, Internal-External Control, Motivation, Social Behavior, Social Environment
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