ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS AMONG ADOLESCENTS: SCHOOL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN KATHMANDU CITY OF NEPAL
Open accessAbstract
Background: Social media are comprised of websites and software applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. Inappropriate use of social media may lead to negative psychological effects. This study was designed to assess the psychological effects of social media among adolescent students of Grade 9 and 10 in Kathmandu city of Nepal Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was done among randomly sampled adolescent students (10-19 yrs) of Grade 9 and 10. Total 318 sample size derived using the formula: n=z²pq/e2. Social Media Addiction Scale Student Form and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire were self-administered data collection tools. The purpose of the study was explained to respondents. Ethical approval was obtained through the Ethical Review Board of Nepal Health Research Council. Data were analyzed on Scientific Package for Social Science version-20. Results: About sixty-two percent of the adolescents had their cell phones and 88.1 percent had internet facilities in their houses. Forty-six percent of adolescents were possibly addicted to social media and 68.2 percent were probably depressed. Out of depressed adolescents, 64.4 percent of them had possibility of social media addiction. A significant association was observed between adolescents with their cell phone and social media addiction (p=0.037); social media addiction and depression (p <0.001). Conclusions: Adolescents with their cell phones are associated with social media addiction and social media addiction is associated with depression, suggesting an urgent need to develop policies and programs to mitigate the negative psychological effects social media addiction.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Paudel et al. (2023) and Sharma & Kautish (2021) also found that social network sites are popular platforms for performance expectancy.
“Thus, Paudel et al. (2023) and Sharma & Kautish (2021) also found that social network sites are popular platforms for performance expectancy.”
From Effect of Social Media on Institutional Performance in the Nepalese Higher Education Institutions: A Qualitative Analysis Using the Extended UTAUT Model (2026) · cites this paper as Paudel et al. (2023)
The Discussion (page not provided) describes social networking as a popular activity and reports substantial social-media use among the adolescents studied. It does not connect that popularity to performance expectancy; searches for that term and related wording found no such finding in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Online Social Networking and Addiction—A Review of the Psychological Literature
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph8093528 · Cited by 2,038 · see citing works
Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample
Bányai, F., Zsila, Á., Király, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M. D., Andreassen, C. S., & Demetrovics, Z. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169839 · Cited by 984 · see citing works
The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction
Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., & Xenos, S. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/jba.3.2014.016 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Internet and Gaming Addiction: A Systematic Literature Review of Neuroimaging Studies
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci2030347 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Wolniczak, I., Cáceres-DelAguila, J. A., Palma-Ardiles, G., Arroyo, K. J., Solís-Visscher, R., Paredes-Yauri, S., Mego-Aquije, K., & Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059087 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Thabrew, H., Stasiak, K., Bavin, L., Frampton, C., & Merry, S. (2018) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1610 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., & Brand, M. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.021 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 25
- Ahn J. The effect of social network sites on adolescents' social and academic development: Current theories and controversies. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 2011;62:1435-45.[DOI] · DOI · Paper page
- Boyd DM, Ellison NB. Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication. 2007;13:210-30.[DOI] · DOI · Paper page
- Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Excessive online social networking: Can adolescents become addicted to Facebook? Education and Health. 2011;29:68-71.
- Griffiths MD. Adolescent gambling and gambling type games on social networking sites: Issues, concerns, and recommendations. Aloma. 2015;33:31-37. [LINK]
- Şahin C. Social media addiction scale-student form : The reliability and validity study. Turkish Online J Educ Technol. 2018;17:169-82. [LINK]
- Rhew IC, Simpson K, Tracy M, et al. Criterion validity of the short mood and feelings questionnaire and one and two-item depression screens in young adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2010;4.[DOI] · DOI
- Hormes JM. Under the influence of Facebook? Excess use of social networking sites and drinking motives, consequences, and attitudes in college students. J Behav Addict. 2016;5(1):122-29. [DOI]
- Steers MN, Wickham RE, Acitelli LK. Seeing everyone else's highlight reels: How Facebook usage is linked to depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2014;33(8):701-31. [LINK] · DOI · Paper page
- Acharya S. Internet usage of teenagers in Nepal for educational purposes. An analysis of internet usage behaviour of 15-17-year old students at selected schools in Kathmandu. 2016. [DOI] · DOI
- Wu AMS, Cheung VI, Ku L, Hung EPW. Psychological risk factors of addiction to social networking sites among Chinese smartphone users. J Behav Addict. 2013;2:160-6.[DOI]
- Fernandez OL, Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD, Billieux J. The conceptualization and assessment of problematic mobile phone use. In Z. Yan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Mobile Phone Behavior. 2015;1(2 & 3):591-606. [DOI] · DOI
- Griffiths MD, Kuss D. Adolescent social media addiction (revisited). Education and Health. 2017;35(3):49-52. [LINK]
- Billieux J, Maurage P, Lopez-Fernandez O, Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports. 2015;2:156-62. [DOI] · DOI · Paper page
- Andreassen CS, Billieux J, Griffiths MD, et al. The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2016;30:252-62. [DOI] · DOI · Paper page
- Kritika M, Vasanta S. The mobile phone usage among teens and young adults impact of invading technology. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 2013;2(12):7259-65.
- Zhou SX. Gratifications, loneliness, leisure boredom and self-esteem as predictors of SNS-game addiction and usage pattern among Chinese college students [dissertation]. Hong Kong. Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. [LINK]
- Wilson K, Fornasier S, White KM. Psychological predictors of young adults' use of social networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2010;13:173-7. [LINK]
- Wan C. Gratifications and loneliness as predictors of campus-SNS websites addiction and usage pattern among Chinese college students [dissertation]. Hong Kong. Chinese University of Hong Kong, China, 2009. Accessed on: 2020/4/28. Available at: http://pg.com.cuhk.edu.hk/pgp_ nm/projects/2009/Wan%20Sisi%20Candy.pdf. [LINK]
- Alabi OF. A survey of Facebook addiction level among selected Nigerian University undergraduates. New Media and Mass Communication. 2013;10:70-80. [DOI] · DOI
- Alzougool B. The impact of motives for Facebook use on Facebook addiction among ordinary users in Jordan. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2018;64(6):528-35. [DOI] · DOI
- Haand R, Suwang Z. The relationship between social media addiction and depression: A quantitative study among university students in Khost, Afghanistan. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. ISSN 2091-2889 (Online) ISSN 2091-2412 (Print) 2020;25:780-6. [DOI] · DOI
- Malik S, Khan M. Impact of facebook addiction on narcissistic behavior and self-esteem among students. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2015;65:260-3. [LINK]
- Rumpf H-J, Vermulst AA, Bischof A, Kastirke N, Guertler D, Bischof G, et al. Occurrence of internet addiction in a general population sample: A latent class analysis. Eur Addict Res. 2013;20(4):159-66. [DOI] · DOI · Paper page
- Lin I-H, Ko C-H, Chang Y-P, Liu T-L, Wang P-W, Lin H-C, et al. The associa- tion between suicidality and Internet addiction and activities in Taiwan- ese adolescents. Compr Psychiatry. 2014;55(3):504-10. [DOI] · DOI · Paper page
- Pontes HM, Kuss D, Griffiths M. Clinical psychology of internet addic- tion: A review of its conceptualization, prevalence, neuronal processes, and implications for treatment. Neuroscience and Neuroeconomics. 2015;4:11-23. [DOI · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sah, G. K., Aryal, B. R., & Shrestha, S. K. (2026) · Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.3126/njmr.v9i2.93075
- Authors
- Paudel, A. K., Chhetri, M. R., & Baidya, P.
- Affiliations
- Pokhara University (NP)
- Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (NP)
- Venue
- Journal of Chitwan Medical College
- Publisher
- Chitwan Medical College
- Published
- 2023-06-30
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 63-69
- ISSN
- 2091-2412 (ISSN-L)
- 2091-2889
- OpenAlex
- W4394830571
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Chitwan Medical College (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- social media addiction, adolescents, depression, mobile phone use, internet use, psychological impact, Social Media Addiction Scale, Kathmandu
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review