Internet and Gaming Addiction: A Systematic Literature Review of Neuroimaging Studies
Open accessAbstract
In the past decade, research has accumulated suggesting that excessive Internet use can lead to the development of a behavioral addiction. Internet addiction has been considered as a serious threat to mental health and the excessive use of the Internet has been linked to a variety of negative psychosocial consequences. The aim of this review is to identify all empirical studies to date that used neuroimaging techniques to shed light upon the emerging mental health problem of Internet and gaming addiction from a neuroscientific perspective. Neuroimaging studies offer an advantage over traditional survey and behavioral research because with this method, it is possible to distinguish particular brain areas that are involved in the development and maintenance of addiction. A systematic literature search was conducted, identifying 18 studies. These studies provide compelling evidence for the similarities between different types of addictions, notably substance-related addictions and Internet and gaming addiction, on a variety of levels. On the molecular level, Internet addiction is characterized by an overall reward deficiency that entails decreased dopaminergic activity. On the level of neural circuitry, Internet and gaming addiction led to neuroadaptation and structural changes that occur as a consequence of prolonged increased activity in brain areas associated with addiction. On a behavioral level, Internet and gaming addicts appear to be constricted with regards to their cognitive functioning in various domains. The paper shows that understanding the neuronal correlates associated with the development of Internet and gaming addiction will promote future research and will pave the way for the development of addiction treatment approaches.
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The ventral striatum, a key part of the reward system, has been associated with compulsive internet use.
“In addition, the ventral striatum, a key part of the reward system, has been associated with compulsive internet use (Kuss and Griffiths, 2012).”
From The impact of digital technology, social media, and artificial intelligence on cognitive functions: a review (2023) · cites this paper as Kuss and Griffiths, 2012
The Discussion reports striatal dopamine abnormalities in Internet addicts, supporting a link between the striatum and addictive Internet use. But the PET Studies section (3.5) identifies the reported differences in Internet addicts in the dorsal caudate and right putamen; it says the ventral striatum was examined, not that it was associated with compulsive Internet use. The paper's separate ventral-striatum finding concerns video game play without an addiction assessment. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExcessive use of the internet exhibits the same criteria that mark other substance and behavioral addictions.
“First, and most importantly, excessive use of the internet exhibits the same criteria that mark other substance and behavioral addictions (Andreassen, 2015; Grant & Chamberlain, 2014; Grant et al., 2010; Kuss & Griffiths, 2012; Young, 1998a, 1998b).”
From Ethics of the Attention Economy: The Problem of Social Media Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Kuss & Griffiths, 2012
Symptoms of digital technology and internet addiction can include withdrawal symptoms when the internet is inaccessible.
“In addition, symptoms of digital technology and internet addiction can include withdrawal symptoms when the internet is inaccessible (Kuss and Griffiths, 2012).”
From The impact of digital technology, social media, and artificial intelligence on cognitive functions: a review (2023) · cites this paper as Kuss and Griffiths, 2012
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“The findings on reduced executive functioning and inhibitory control, perhaps as a consequence of cue-reactivity and craving, are consistent with results obtained from neuroimaging studies (cf. Kuss and Griffiths, 2012; Meng et al., 2015; Sepede et al., 2016).”
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“We now applied the same search and inclusion criteria as documented in the review by Kuss and Griffiths (2012) and identified 13 studies (excluding EEG studies) published in peer-reviewed journals from January 2013 to end of January 2014.”
BackgroundMethodInternet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors
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BackgroundInternet addiction: coping styles, expectancies, and treatment implications
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Is the I nternet gaming‐addicted brain close to be in a pathological state?
Park, C.-H., Chun, J., Cho, H., Jung, Y., Choi, J., & Kim, D. (2015) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12282 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Compulsive Digital Gaming: An Emerging Mental Health Disorder in Children
Singh, M. (2018) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12098-018-2785-y · Cited by 50 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Nottingham Trent University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kuss, Daria J.
- Venue
- Brain Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2012-09-05
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 347-374
- ISSN
- 2076-3425 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4061797
- OpenAlex
- W2086766205
- Cited by
- 437
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 12
- FWCI
- 11.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Keywords
- internet addiction, gaming addiction, behavioral addiction, neuroimaging, dopaminergic activity, neural adaptation, brain structural changes, cognitive function, addiction treatment
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