Working memory is (almost) perfectly predicted by g.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Fluid intelligence and WM share common variance.
“Although fluid intelligence and WM share common variance (Colom et al., 2004; Oberauer et al., 2005; Friedman et al., 2006; Harrison et al., 2015)”
From Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Young Adults (2016) · cites this paper as Colom et al., 2004
Cites
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005 · Cited by 27,200 · see citing works
Human Cognitive Abilities: A Survey of Factor-Analytic Studies
Carroll, J. B. (1993) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571312 · Cited by 4,121 · see citing works
Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach.
Engle, R. W., Tuholski, S. W., Laughlin, J. E., & Conway, A. R. A. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.3.309 · Cited by 3,078 · see citing works
Chronometric explorations of mind
Posner, M. I. (1978) · Cited by 2,441 · see citing works
Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control
Miyake, A., & Shah, P. (1999) · Cited by 2,404 · see citing works
Thurstone, L. L. (1973) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-6129-9_8 · Cited by 2,130 · see citing works
Reasoning ability is (little more than) working-memory capacity?!
Kyllonen, P. C., & Christal, R. E. (1990) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(05)80012-1 · Cited by 1,810 · see citing works
Working Memory: The Multiple-Component Model
Baddeley, A. D., & Logie, R. H. (1999) · Models of Working Memory · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174909.005 · Cited by 1,374 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The WM tasks were designed to reflect storage requirements, plus concurrent processing (Baddeley & Logie, 1999).”
MethodMiyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Rettinger, D. A., Shah, P., & Hegarty, M. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.621 · Cited by 1,139 · see citing works
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Rettinger, D. A., Shah, P., & Hegarty, M. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.130.4.621 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Conway, A. R. A., Cowan, N., Bunting, M. F., Therriault, D. J., & Minkoff, S. R. B. (2002) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(01)00096-4 · Cited by 1,108 · see citing works
Working Memory: A View from Neuroimaging
Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1997) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1997.0658 · Cited by 1,046 · see citing works
Hawkins, J., & Blakeslee, S. (2004) · Cited by 1,012 · see citing works
Sternberg, R. J. (2000) · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Jensen, A. R. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381729b0 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Speed of Information-Processing and Intelligence:
Vernon, P. A. (1988) · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Working-memory capacity explains reasoning ability—and a little bit more
Süß, H., Oberauer, K., Wittmann, W. W., Wilhelm, O., & Schulze, R. (2002) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(01)00100-3 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Mackintosh, N. J. (1998) · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Hunt, E. (1978) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.85.2.109 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Bayliss, D. M., Jarrold, C., Gunn, D. M., & Baddeley, A. D. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.132.1.71 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
On the Relationship between the Higher-Order Factor Model and the Hierarchical Factor Model
Yung, Y., Thissen, D., & McLeod, L. (1999) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02294531 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Bennett, G. K., Seashore, H. G., & Wesman, A. G. (1947) · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Ackerman, P. L., Beier, M. E., & Boyle, M. D. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.131.4.567 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Jensen, A. R., & Weng, L. (1994) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(94)90029-9 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Swanson, H. L. (1994) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221949402700107 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Carroll, J. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043793-4/50036-2 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
On intelligence - more or less : a bio-ecological treatise on intellectual development
Ceci, S. J. (1990) · Prentice Hall eBooks · Cited by 243 · see citing works
The scientific study of general intelligence : tribute to Arthur R. Jensen
Jensen, A. R., & Nyborg, H. (2003) · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Psychometrics, intelligence, and public perception
Carroll, J. B. (1997) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(97)90012-x · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Intelligence, schooling, and society.
Brody, N. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.10.1046 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Simple information Processing and Intelligence
Deary, I. J. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511807947.014 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Working memory and intelligence
Colom, R., Flores-Mendoza, C. E., & Rebollo, I. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00023-5 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationNegligible Sex Differences in General Intelligence
Colom, R., Juan-Espinosa, M., Abad, F. J., & Garcı́a, L. F. (2000) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(99)00035-5 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive correlates of general intelligence: Toward a process theory of g
Larson, G. E., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (1989) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(89)90003-2 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
DeShon, R. P., Chan, D. K., & Weissbein, D. A. (1995) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(95)90023-3 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Auditory inspection time and intelligence: What is the direction of causation?
Deary, I. J. (1995) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.31.2.237 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Cognitive-Components Tests Are Not Much More thang: An Extension of Kyllonen's Analyses
Stauffer, J. M., Ree, M. J., & Carretta, T. R. (1996) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1996.9921272 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Hick's law, competing-task performance, and intelligence
Roberts, R. D., Beh, H. C., & Stankov, L. (1988) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(88)90011-6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sex differential item functioning in the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices: evidence for bias
Abad, F. J., Colom, R., Rebollo, I., & Escorial, S. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00241-1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationGender-related differences in intelligence: Application of confirmatory factor analysis
Lim, T. K. (1994) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(94)90012-4 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Predicting intelligence with multiple speed of information-processing tests
Vernon, P. A., & Weese, S. E. (1993) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90310-y · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A Factor Analysis of Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Freed of Difficulty Factors
Dillon, R. F., Pohlmann, J. T., & Lohman, D. F. (1981) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316448104100438 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Quantifying cognitive complexity: evidence from a reasoning task
Arend, I. C., Colom, R., Botella, J., Contreras, M. J., Rubio, V. J., & Santacreu, J. (2002) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00243-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationComplexity as a reflection of the dimensionality of a task
Spilsbury, G. (1992) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(92)90024-l · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wothke, W., Curran, L. T., Augustin, J. W., et al. (1991) · doi:10.21236/ada243225 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dual-Processing Accounts of Reasoning, Judgment, and Social Cognition
Evans, J. S. B. T. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093629 · Cited by 5,137 · see citing works
Dual-Process Theories of Higher Cognition: Advancing the Debate
Evans, J. S. B. T., & Stanovich, K. E. (2013) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612460685 · Cited by 4,271 · see citing works
Benedek, M., Jauk, E., Sommer, M., Arendasy, M., & Neubauer, A. C. (2014) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2014.05.007 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
The origin of mind: Evolution of brain, cognition, and general intelligence.
Geary, D. C. (2005) · doi:10.1037/10871-000 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Kane, M. J., Hambrick, D. Z., & Conway, A. R. A. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.66 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Gielnik, M. M., Frese, M., Kahara-Kawuki, A., Wasswa Katono, I., Kyejjusa, S., Ngoma, M., Munene, J., Namatovu-Dawa, R., Nansubuga, F., Orobia, L., et al. (2015) · Academy of Management Learning & Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2012.0107 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Holmes, J., & Adams, J. W. (2006) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410500341056 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Working Memory Capacity and Fluid Intelligence: Maintenance and Disengagement
Shipstead, Z., Harrison, T. L., & Engle, R. W. (2016) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616650647 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Burgess, G. C., Gray, J. R., Conway, A. R. A., & Braver, T. S. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/a0024695 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Sex differences in the functional neuroanatomy of working memory in adults with ADHD
Valera, E. M., Brown, A., Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Makris, N., Monuteaux, M. C., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Vitulano, M., Schiller, M., & Seidman, L. J. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020249 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Colom, R., Román, F. J., Abad, F. J., Shih, P. C., Privado, J., Froufe, M., Escorial, S., Martínez, K., Burgaleta, M., Quiroga, M. A., et al. (2013) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.09.002 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationEnge, S., Behnke, A., Fleischhauer, M., Küttler, L., Kliegel, M., & Strobel, A. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0036165 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Young Adults
Maraver, M. J., Bajo, M. T., & Gomez-Ariza, C. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00588 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“Finally, on the basis of either the close relationship between matrix problem resolution, WM (Colom et al., 2004; Friedman et al., 2006; Harrison et al., 2015) and executive control (Dempster and Corkill, 1999; Engle and Kane, 2004; Jarosz and Wiley, 2012; Shipstead et al., 2015) and the results of…”
BackgroundHigher order factor structure of the WISC-IV in a clinical neuropsychological sample.
Bodin, D., Pardini, D. A., Burns, T. G., & Stevens, A. B. (2009) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040802603661 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Ren, X., Tong, Y., Peng, P., & Wang, T. (2020) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2020.101487 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Why is working memory performance unstable? A review of 21 factors
Blasiman, R. N., & Was, C. A. (2018) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v14i1.1472 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Bischoff, K. M., Gielnik, M. M., & Frese, M. (2020) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.1364 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Schmidt, F. L. (2017) · Archives of Scientific Psychology · doi:10.1037/arc0000033 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Tegelbeckers, J., Kanowski, M., Krauel, K., Haynes, J.-D., Breitling, C., Flechtner, H.-H., & Kahnt, T. (2018) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0411-18.2018 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- COLOM, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- Corresponding author
- COLOM, R
- ORCID
- COLOM, R
- Venue
- Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 277-296
- ISSN
- 0160-2896 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2138563937
- Cited by
- 436
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 37.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Keywords
- working memory, general intelligence, processing speed, fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, spatial ability, individual differences, latent factor structure, concurrent processing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review