Association between Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations and Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease Among Japanese Men and Women: The Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study
Open accessAbstract
AIM: The aim of this study was to examine whether non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-cholesterol) raises the risk of coronary heart disease in a dose-response fashion in a non-obese population with low total cholesterol levels and high HDL-cholesterol levels, such as Japanese. METHODS: A total of 30,802 men and 60,417 women, aged 40 to 79 years with no history of stroke or coronary heart disease, completed a baseline risk factor survey in 1993 under the auspices of the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study. Systematic mortality surveillance through 2003 identified 539 coronary heart disease deaths. RESULTS: The mean values for non-HDL-cholesterol were 140 mg/dL for men and 151 mg/dL for women. The corresponding mean values were 193 mg/dL and 208 mg/dL total cholesterol and 52 mg/dL and 57 mg/dL HDL-cholesterol, respectively. Men with non-HDL-cholesterol > or = 180 mg/dL had a two-fold higher age-adjusted risk of mortality from coronary heart disease than did those with non-HDL-cholesterol <100 mg/dL, whereas no such association was found for women. The multivariable hazard ratio for > or = 180 mg/dL versus <100 mg/dL of non-HDL-cholesterol was 2.22 (95% confidence interval: 1.37 to 3.62) for men and 0.71 (0.37 to 1.34) for women. CONCLUSION: Higher concentrations of non-HDL-cholesterol were associated with an increased risk of mortality from coronary heart disease for men, but not for women.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Non-HDL-C is associated with CAD in many Japanese epidemiological surveys.
“The association between non-HDL-C and CAD has been reported in the results of many epidemiological surveys conducted in Japan51, 63–70).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
The risk of CAD and MI onset and death increases when non-HDL-C levels are approximately 140 mg/dL or higher.
“there have been reports stating that the risk of and death from CAD and MI increase when the non-HDL-C levels are approximately ≥ 140 mg/dL67, 71, 72).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [72]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Merz, C. N. B., Brewer, H. B., Clark, L. T., Hunninghake, D. B., Pasternak, R. C., Smith, S. C., & Stone, N. J. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000133317.49796.0e · Cited by 6,902 · see citing works
Verschuren, W. M. M. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.274.2.131 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Cook, N. R., Bradwin, G., & Buring, J. E. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.3.326 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Cui, Y. A., Blumenthal, R. S., Flaws, J. A., Whiteman, M. K., LANGENBERG, P. W., Bachorik, P. S., & Bush, T. L. (2001) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.161.11.1413 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Pischon, T., Girman, C. J., Sacks, F. M., Rifai, N., Stampfer, M. J., & Rimm, E. B. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.532499 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease in women: Perspective from the Framingham Study
Kannel, W. B. (1987) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(87)90511-4 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Irie, F., Iso, H., Sairenchi, T., Fukasawa, N., Yamagishi, K., Ikehara, S., Kanashiki, M., Saito, Y., Ota, H., & Nose, T. (2006) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5000284 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, J., Sempos, C. T., Donahue, R. P., Dorn, J., Trevisan, M., & Grundy, S. M. (2006) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.06.032 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Merz, C. N. B., Brewer, H. B., Clark, L. T., Hunninghake, D. B., Pasternak, R. C., Smith, S. C., & Stone, N. J. (2004) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000133317.49796.0e · Cited by 195 · see citing works
International Guidelines for Ethical Review of Epidemiological Studies
(1991) · Law Medicine and Health Care · doi:10.1111/j.1748-720x.1991.tb01822.x · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Ng'andu, N. H. (1997) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19970330)16:6 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Nakamura, M., Sato, S., & Shimamoto, T. (2003) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.10.145 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Physical activity and dietary fiber determine population body fat levels: the Seven Countries Study
for the Seven Countries Study Group, Kromhout, D., Bloemberg, B. P. M., Seidell, J. C., Nissinen, A. M., & Menotti, A. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801568 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Everett, B. M., Kurth, T., Buring, J. E., & Ridker, P. M. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.09.030 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Okamura, T., Kokubo, Y., Watanabe, M., Higashiyama, A., Miyamoto, Y., Yoshimasa, Y., & Okayama, A. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.07.020 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Chien, K.-L., Hsu, H.-C., Su, T.-C., Chen, M.-F., Lee, Y.-T., & Hu, F. B. (2007) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m700213-jlr200 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Heart disease deaths in a Japanese urban area evaluated by clinical and police records.
Baba, S., Ozawa, H., Sakai, Y., et al. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.89.1.109 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Okumiya, N., Tanaka, K., Ueda, K., & Omae, T. (1985) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(85)90567-3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels in Japan
Ueshima, H. (1982) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03320390047040 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Heart Disease Deaths on Death Certificates Re-Evaluated by Clinical Records in a Japanese City
Yamashita, T., Ozawa, H., Aono, H., et al. (1997) · Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition · doi:10.1253/jcj.61.331 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in Japan
Ueshima, H. (1982) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.247.14.1985 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kinoshita, M., Yokote, K., Arai, H., Iida, M., Ishigaki, Y., Ishibashi, S., Umemoto, S., Egusa, G., Ohmura, H., Okamura, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.gl2017 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Kitamura, A., Noda, H., Nakamura, M., Kiyama, M., Okada, T., Imano, H., Ohira, T., Sato, S., Yamagishi, K., & Iso, H. (2011) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.7237 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationAraki, A., Iimuro, S., Sakurai, T., Umegaki, H., Iijima, K., Nakano, H., Oba, K., Yokono, K., Sone, H., Yamada, N., et al. (2012) · Geriatrics & Gerontology International · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2011.00809.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Kuwabara, K., Harada, S., Sugiyama, D., Kurihara, A., Kubota, Y., Higashiyama, A., Hirata, T., Nishida, Y., Kawasaki, M., Takebayashi, T., et al. (2016) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.33100 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kakehi, E., Kotani, K., Ishikawa, S., Gotoh, T., Kayaba, K., Nakamura, Y., & Kajii, E. (2015) · Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1010539513475649 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Noda, H., Iso, H., Irie, F., Sairenchi, T., Ohtaka, E., & Ohta, H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Ibaraki Prefectural Government (JP)
- Dokkyo University (JP)
- Venue
- Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
- Publisher
- Japan Atherosclerosis Society
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 30-36
- ISSN
- 1340-3478 (ISSN-L)
- 1880-3873
- OpenAlex
- W2046596639
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- non-HDL cholesterol, coronary heart disease mortality, sex differences, dose-response relationship, low HDL cholesterol, Japanese population, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Body Weight, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Female, Humans, Japan, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Sex Distribution, Asian People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
