An E-mail Delivered CBT for Sleep-Health Program for College Students: Effects on Sleep Quality and Depression Symptoms
Open accessAbstract
Study objectives We examined the effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program (Refresh) to improve sleep, on sleep quality and symptoms of depression among first-year college students.Methods Students in one residence hall (n = 48) participated in Refresh and students in another residence hall (n = 53) participated in a program of equal length (Breathe) designed to improve mood and increase resilience to stress. Both programs were delivered by e-mail in 8 weekly PDF files. Of these, 19 Refresh program participants and 15 Breathe program participants reported poor sleep quality at baseline (scores ≥ 5 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]). Participants completed the PSQI and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) at baseline and post-intervention.Results Among students with poor sleep (PSQI > 5) at baseline, participation in Refresh was associated with greater improvements in sleep quality and greater reduction in depressive symptoms than participation in Breathe. Among students with high sleep quality at baseline there was no difference in baseline to post-intervention changes in sleep (PSQI) or depressive symptom severity (CES-D).Conclusions A cognitive behavioral sleep improvement program delivered by e-mail may be a cost effective way for students with poor sleep quality to improve their sleep and reduce depressive symptoms. An important remaining question is whether improving sleep will also reduce risk for future depression.
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CCBT has been used for 25 different clinical disorders, not only mental health conditions.
“Furthermore, CCBT has been used for 25 different clinical disorders [27], not only mental health conditions [59-62].”
From Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and depression in rural areas:a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [62]
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- Authors
- Trockel, M., Manber, R., Chang, V., Thurston, A., & Tailor, C. B.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Manber, Rachel
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
- Published
- 2011-06-15
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 276-281
- ISSN
- 1550-9389 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9397
- PMC
- PMC3113967
- OpenAlex
- W1558588988
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2011-08-15)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5f31mh009938-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32 5 MH09938-15)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, university students, first-year students, self-help programs, sleep health, stress resilience, mood, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Wake Disorders, Stress, Psychological, Students, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Electronic Mail, Young Adult
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