Development of an Instrument to Measure Professionalism
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Objectives To develop and validate an instrument that measures professionalism among pharmacy students and recent graduates.Methods A pharmacy professionalism survey instrument developed by a focus group was pretested and then administered to all first-year pharmacy students enrolled in the University of Georgia College of Pharmacy and to recent pharmacy graduates who were taking the preparation course for the Georgia Pharmacy Law Examination and North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination. Participants were asked to indicate the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with each of 32 items using a 5-point Likert scale.Results One hundred thirty first-year pharmacy students and 101 pharmacy graduates participated in the survey. Statistical analysis identified 6 factors (subscales), which were later named excellence, respect for others, altruism, duty, accountability, and honor/integrity, the 6 tenets of professionalism. Item to total correlations ranged from 0.25 to 0.57 on the 6 factors (subscales), and reliability estimates ranged from 0.72 to 0.85 for the 6 factors and total scale.Conclusions The Pharmacy Professionalism Instrument measures the 6 tenets of professionalism and exhibits satisfactory reliability measures. Future studies using this scale in other pharmacy populations are needed.
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There are no validated instruments for assessing attitude towards e-professionalism of medical and dental students.
“Many studies have investigated aspects of e-professionalism of medical or dental students as future health professionals, but there are no validated instruments made for assessing attitude towards e-professionalism of those two populations.”
From Development and validation of scale for measuring attitudes towards e-professionalism among medical and dental students: SMePROF-S scale (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Chisholm, M. A., Cobb, H., Duke, L., McDuffie, C., & Kennedy, W. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Mercer University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chisholm, Marie A.
- ORCID
- Kennedy, William K.
- Venue
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 85
- ISSN
- 0002-9459 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-6467
- OpenAlex
- W2043702060
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues
- Keywords
- professionalism, pharmacy students, pharmacy graduates, instrument development, scale validation, reliability statistics, pharmacy education
- MeSH terms
- Data Collection, Education, Pharmacy, Educational Measurement, Female, Humans, Male, Professional Competence, Research Design, Students, Pharmacy
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