The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sleep Duration and Academic Performance Among Student Pharmacists
Open accessAbstract
Objective To identify sleep patterns and frequency of daytime sleepiness and to assess the association between sleep duration and academic performance among student pharmacists.Methods A cross-sectional design was used. An anonymous self-administered paper questionnaire was administered to first-year through third-year students at a pharmacy school.Results Questionnaires were completed by 364 student pharmacists (79.4% response rate and 93.8% cooperation rate). More than half of student pharmacists obtained less than 7 hours of sleep at night during a typical school week (54.7%) and a large majority on the night prior to an examination (81.7%). Almost half (47.8%) felt daytime sleepiness almost every day. Longer sleep duration the night prior to an examination was associated with higher course grades and semester grade point averages (GPAs).Conclusion A majority of student pharmacists had suboptimal durations of sleep, defined as fewer than 7 hours. Adequate sleep the night prior to an examination was positively associated with student course grades and semester GPAs.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While a few studies report null effects,20,21 most studies looking at the effects of sleep quality and duration on academic performance have linked longer and better-quality sleep with better academic performance such as school grades and study effort.4,6,9–13,22–27”
From Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
McEwen, B. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801153380307 · Cited by 6,733 · cited 1×
“Other confounders that could impact cognitive function and academic success include students’ intellectual ability, achievement motivation, personality, emotional health, presence of stressors, learning style, studying skills, time management strategies, diet, exercise, and caffeine use.(4,5,22) Future research could…”
BackgroundImpact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function
Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01376-8 · Cited by 3,668
Be smart, exercise your heart: Exercise effects on brain and cognition
Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2298 · Cited by 3,563
Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Cappuccio, F. P., D'Elia, L., Strazzullo, P., & Miller, M. A. (2010) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.5.585 · Cited by 2,224
Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation
Goel, N., Rao, H., Durmer, J., & Dinges, D. (2009) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1237117 · Cited by 2,154
Neurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation
Durmer, J. S., & Dinges, D. F. (2005) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-2005-867080 · Cited by 1,473
Belenky, G., Wesensten, N. J., Thorne, D. R., Thomas, M. L., Sing, H. C., Redmond, D. P., Russo, M. B., & Balkin, T. J. (2003) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2003.00337.x · Cited by 1,436
Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance
CURCIO, G., FERRARA, M., & DEGENNARO, L. (2006) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.11.001 · Cited by 1,310
Gangwisch, J. E., Heymsfield, S. B., Boden-Albala, B., Buijs, R. M., Kreier, F., Pickering, T. G., Rundle, A. G., Zammit, G. K., & Malaspina, D. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000217362.34748.e0 · Cited by 1,284
Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance
Alhola, P., & Polo-Kantola, P. (2007) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.a930 · Cited by 869
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–128 of 128
The Quality of Life among the Adult Population during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia
Goweda, R. A., Hammad, T. N., Khan, Z. A., Alghamdi, A. A., Alyazidi, A. O., Alharbi, A. G., Almalki, K. A., Alzahrani, M. A., & Alzubaidi, A. A. (2022) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2022.95238
Documentation of paediatric observations in an urgent care setting; a Quality Improvement Project
Ali, R. Y. (2022) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2022.95210 · Cited by 1
Al-Saiari, A. S., Alsaedi, S., Alzahran, E., Kutbi, L., Alsahafi, B. A. A., alharbi, G. G., Abdelsalam, M., & Bakhsh, A. A. (2022) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2022.95235
Rare presentation of lower limb weakness, a case report
khmour, H. Y., el Nour, S., & Elmahdi, M. (2022) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2022.95231
Insulin Resistance Related to Metabolic Syndrome
Shamery, H. T. A., & Sait, N. S. (2022) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2022.95237
Shamery, H. T. A., Abouamer, W., & Sait, N. S. (2022) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2022.95229
Sleep Duration and Body Mass Index in 5–9 Aged Korean Children
Yoo, S. H., Cho, W. I., Han, Y., Loh, B. G., & Seo, W. H. (2022) · Chronobiology in Medicine · doi:10.33069/cim.2022.0024
Morebise, O., Khan, S. A., Abiodun, S. I., Ayinde, B. O., Adewara, E. O., Ike, E., Dupuis, D., Toukam, M. S. M., Arogundade, O., & Aneke, C. J. (2022) · Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · doi:10.9734/jammr/2022/v34i224832
Do University Students Have a Good Quality of Sleep?: An Exploratory Study
Fadhel, F. H., & Sufyan, N. S. (2023) · مجلة العلوم التربوية و الدراسات الإنسانية · doi:10.55074/hesj.v0i28.654
INSOMNIA AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KARACHI: A PSYCHO-SOCIAL STUDY
Rauf, S. I. D. S. (2023) · Pakistan Journal of International Affairs · doi:10.52337/pjia.v6i2.778
Panta, R., & Paudel, K. R. (2023) · World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews · doi:10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.3.1244
Engineering Students’ Lifestyle in a Malaysian Public University during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Anuar, N., Indra, S. D., Azhan, D. N., Andrin, S. A., Rosly, N., & Jaafar, N. S. (2024) · Jurnal e-Bangi/e-Bangi · doi:10.17576/ebangi.2024.2101.15
Mallika, M. C. V., & Nair, A. J. (2024) · Healthline · doi:10.51957/healthline5772023
Study of Sleep Parameters on Respiratory Health and School Performance in Urban Children
Garg, S., Megha, M., Puthenpurayil, S. J., Rao, N., & Sankhe, A. P. (2024) · Asian Journal of Pediatric Research · doi:10.9734/ajpr/2024/v14i6351
Students’ Mental Health in the Post-COVID Era
Jiang, Y., Zheng, C., Dale, T., & Ong, E. L. C. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-3098-8_4
Ong, E. L. C. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-3098-8_1
Zhang, N., & He, X. (2025) · Journal of Chiropractic Education · doi:10.7899/jce-24-5
The relationship between sleep and academic performance among multiple health care training programs
Hua, H., Kargupta, T., Vo, K., Chang, K., & Takahashi, J. (2025) · Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2025.102371
Alyami, M. M., Alasimi, A. H., Albadani, S. Z., Alshehri, A. M., Alqahtani, R. A., Alqarni, A. A., Alqahtani, J. S., Naser, A. Y., Alwafi, H. H., Alghamdi, S. M., et al. (2025) · Discover Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-025-07127-6
Ashfaq, M., Zia, I., Ilyas, Z., Aslam, H., & Farrukh, S. (2025) · ACADEMIA International Journal for Social Sciences · doi:10.63056/acad.004.03.0406
Gallego‐Gómez, J. I., González-Moro, M. T. R., Moro, J. M. R. G., Catalán, T. V., Balanza, S., Simonelli‐Muñoz, A. J., & Rivera-Caravaca, J. M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14803931
Aishwarya, E., & Rajilarajendran, H. (2024) · Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences · doi:10.47836/mjmhs.20.3.33
Multifactor Student Academic Performance Classification using Machine Learning
Amora, E. N. O., & Olaguir, M. B. (2026) · International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT) · doi:10.1109/icict68280.2026.11511113
Analysis of Daily Usage of Smartphone Apps and their Effect on Students' Performance and Work
Sobale, S., Gunje, S., Ghume, A., Hadkar, C., & Gondkar, A. (2026) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9798898815165126010014
Karunanithi, D., Krishnan, S. K., Vaikundam, K., & Rajalingam, D. (2026) · Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · doi:10.52711/2231-5713.2026.00031
Metadata
- Authors
- Zeek, M. L., Savoie, M. J., Song, M., Kennemur, L. M., Qian, J., Jungnickel, P. W., & Westrick, S. C.
- Affiliations
- Auburn University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Westrick, Salisa C.
- Venue
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 63
- ISSN
- 0002-9459 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4571043
- OpenAlex
- W2400613232
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Outcomes and Influences
- Keywords
- sleep duration, academic performance, pharmacy students, daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation, exam preparation, grade point average
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Education, Pharmacy, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Pharmacists, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Students, Pharmacy, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
