Neurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation
Abstract
Deficits in daytime performance due to sleep loss are experienced universally and associated with a significant social, financial, and human cost. Microsleeps, sleep attacks, and lapses in cognition increase with sleep loss as a function of state instability. Sleep deprivation studies repeatedly show a variable (negative) impact on mood, cognitive performance, and motor function due to an increasing sleep propensity and destabilization of the wake state. Specific neurocognitive domains including executive attention, working memory, and divergent higher cognitive functions are particularly vulnerable to sleep loss. In humans, functional metabolic and neurophysiological studies demonstrate that neural systems involved in executive function (i.e., prefrontal cortex) are more susceptible to sleep deprivation in some individuals than others. Recent chronic partial sleep deprivation experiments, which more closely replicate sleep loss in society, demonstrate that profound neurocognitive deficits accumulate over time in the face of subjective adaptation to the sensation of sleepiness. Sleep deprivation associated with disease-related sleep fragmentation (i.e., sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome) also results in neurocognitive performance decrements similar to those seen in sleep restriction studies. Performance deficits associated with sleep disorders are often viewed as a simple function of disease severity; however, recent experiments suggest that individual vulnerability to sleep loss may play a more critical role than previously thought.
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Well-controlled sleep deprivation studies have shown that lack of sleep increases fatigue and sleepiness and worsens cognitive performance.
“Well-controlled sleep deprivation studies have shown that lack of sleep not only increases fatigue and sleepiness but also worsens cognitive performance.2,3,16,17”
From Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
Lack of sleep has been linked to poor attention and cognition.
“Beyond the effects of sleep on memory consolidation, lack of sleep has been linked to poor attention and cognition.”
From Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
Sleep disruption results in specific cognitive impairments including deficits in attention, executive function, non-declarative and declarative memory, emotional reactivity, and sensory perception.
“Indeed, sleep disruption results in specific cognitive impairments including deficits in attention, executive function, non-declarative and declarative memory, as well as emotional reactivity and sensory perception [6-8].”
From Dawn simulation light impacts on different cognitive domains under sleep restriction (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Durmer, J. S., & Dinges, D. F.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- ORCID
- Dinges, David F
- Venue
- Seminars in Neurology
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 01
- Pages
- 117-129
- ISSN
- 0271-8235 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-9021
- OpenAlex
- W4235765131
- Cited by
- 1,473
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 89 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 59.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Seminars in Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- National Space Biomedical Research Institute
- National Institutes of Health
- School of Medicine, Indiana University
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01 NR04281, R01NR004281)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, neurocognitive impairment, executive function, working memory, attention, prefrontal cortex, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, sleep fragmentation, cognitive performance
- MeSH terms
- Cognition Disorders, Humans, Sleep Deprivation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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