Examining Health Care Students’ Attitudes toward E-Professionalism
Open accessAbstract
Objective. To compare pharmacy, osteopathic medicine, dental medicine, and physician assistant (PA) students' perceptions of e-professionalism. Methods. A 20-item questionnaire was developed and administered to four cohorts of health care professions students early in their first professional year. The questionnaire contained 16 scenarios in which a hypothetical health care student or professional shared information or content electronically and students were asked to indicate how much they agreed that the scenario represented professional behavior. Results. Ninety-four percent of students completed the questionnaire. More female students were in the pharmacy and PA cohorts. There were statistical differences in students' perceptions of e-professionalism in five of 16 scenarios. Specific differences were most often between the osteopathic medicine students and the other cohorts. Conclusions. The health care professions students surveyed had similar perceptions of e-professionalism. Of the four cohorts, osteopathic medicine students appeared less conservative in their approach to e-professionalism than the other cohorts.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Significant gender differences in social media use were established in several studies.
“Significant gender differences were established in several studies [71,79,91,95,105,107].”
From Dangers and Benefits of Social Media on E-Professionalism of Health Care Professionals: Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [71]
The Results report significant differences in e-professionalism responses between health-care student cohorts, not between genders. The Discussion notes that the cohorts differed in their percentages of female students but says the reasons for the response differences are unclear; it does not establish significant gender differences in social media use. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education 2013 Educational Outcomes
Medina, M. S., Plaza, C. M., Stowe, C. D., Robinson, E. T., DeLander, G., Beck, D. E., Melchert, R. B., Supernaw, R. B., Roche, V. F., Gleason, B. L., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/ajpe778162 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Englander, R., Cameron, T., Ballard, A. J., Dodge, J., Bull, J., & Aschenbrener, C. A. (2013) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31829a3b2b · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Online Posting of Unprofessional Content by Medical Students
Chretien, K. C. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1387 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Farnan, J. M., Snyder Sulmasy, L., Worster, B. K., Chaudhry, H. J., Rhyne, J. A., Arora, V. M., for the American College of Physicians Ethics, P. A. H. R. C., the American College of Physicians Council of Associates, & the Federation of State Medical Boards Special Committee on Ethics and Professionalism* (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-00100 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Defining professionalism in medical education: A systematic review
Birden, H. H., Glass, N., Wilson, I. G., Harrison, M., Usherwood, T. P., & Nass, D. (2013) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2014.850154 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Social media policies at US medical schools
Kind, T., Genrich, G., Sodhi, A., & Chretien, K. C. (2010) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.3402/meo.v15i0.5324 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Wynia, M. K., Papadakis, M. A., Sullivan, W. M., & Hafferty, F. W. (2014) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000212 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Greysen, S. R., Chretien, K. C., Kind, T., Young, A., & Gross, C. P. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.330 · Cited by 158 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Some of the penalties for these violationswere severe and included restriction, suspension, and revocation of licenses by 56% of the state boards.(13) There are fewer studies that have examined healthcare professional students’ attitudes towards e-professionalism.”
BackgroundE-professionalism: a new paradigm for a digital age
Cain, J., & Romanelli, F. (2009) · Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2009.10.001 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Itʼs Your Own Risk: Medical Studentsʼ Perspectives on Online Professionalism
Chretien, K. C., Goldman, E. F., Beckman, L., & Kind, T. (2010) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181ed4778 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Langenfeld, S. J., Cook, G., Sudbeck, C., Luers, T., & Schenarts, P. J. (2014) · Journal of Surgical Education · doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.05.013 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Use of social media by residency program directors for resident selection.
Cain, J., Scott, D. R., & Smith, K. M. (2010) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.2146/ajhp090658 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Walton, J. M., White, J., & Ross, S. (2015) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.3402/meo.v20.28708 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Personal Digital Branding as a Professional Asset in the Digital Age
Kleppinger, C. A., & Cain, J. J. (2015) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/ajpe79679 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Graduating Pharmacy Students’ Perspectives on E-Professionalism and Social Media
Ness, G. L., Sheehan, A. H., Snyder, M. E., Jordan, J. K., Cunningham, J. E., & Gettig, J. P. (2013) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/ajpe777146 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationA Survey of Social Media Policies in U.S. Dental Schools
Henry, R. K., & Webb, C. (2014) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2014.78.6.tb05738.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Student and Faculty Observations and Perceptions of Professionalism in Online Domain Scenarios
Gettig, J. P., Lee, N., & Fjortoft, N. F. (2013) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/ajpe779192 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Vukušić Rukavina, T., Viskić, J., Machala Poplašen, L., Relić, D., Marelić, M., Jokic, D., & Sedak, K. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/25770 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
“Among 88 studies, 49 were quantitative [32, 33, 35, 38-43, 51-53, 55, 59-61, 64, 66-69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77-80, 82, 85, 88, 89, 91, 94-96, 98, 100, 102, 105-108, 110, 113, 114, 116, 118], 12 were qualitative [34, 36, 44, 45, 49, 57, 73, 76, 92, 93, 101, 104], and 27 used mixed methods [35, 37,…”
O’Connor, S., Zhang, M., Honey, M., & Lee, J. J. (2021) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104514 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Re‐opening Pandora's box: Who owns professionalism and is it time for a 21st century definition?
Goddard, V. C. T., & Brockbank, S. (2022) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.14862 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Shah, D., Behravan, N., Al-Jabouri, N., & Sibbald, M. (2024) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-024-05981-3 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Perceptions of e-professionalism among dental students: a UK dental school study
Dobson, E., Patel, P., & Neville, P. (2019) · British Dental Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2019.11 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Viskić, J., Jokić, D., Marelić, M., Machala Poplašen, L., Relić, D., Sedak, K., & Vukušić Rukavina, T. (2021) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2021.62.569 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sim, T. F., Sunderland, B., & Hattingh, L. (2018) · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · doi:10.1007/s11096-018-0774-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Reclaiming the concept of professionalism in the digital context: a principle-based concept analysis
Guraya, S., Guraya, S., Rashid-Doubell, F., Fredericks, S., Harkin, D., Nor, M. Z. B. M., & Yusoff, M. S. B. (2024) · Annals medicus · doi:10.1080/07853890.2024.2398202 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A Scoping Review of eProfessionalism in Healthcare Education Literature.
Slade, C., McCutcheon, K., Devlin, N., Dalais, C., Smeaton, K., Slade, D., & Wilson, C. B. (2023) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100124 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Runyon, A., Heaven, S., Forster, L., Kerr, A. M., Shaub, T. L., & Simon, J. E. (2023) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401334.2023.2211967 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
E-Profesyonelizm Kavramı ve Sağlık Alanına Yansımaları
ÖKE, P., & YILMAZ, N. (2020) · Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.21673/anadoluklin.655033 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Reclaiming the concept of professionalism in the digital context; a principle-based concept analysisPreprint
Guraya, S. S., Guraya, S. Y., Rashid‐Doubell, F., Fredericks, S., Harkin, D. W., Nor, M. Z. M., & Yousuff, M. S. B. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2792246/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Professional Competency Development Utilizing Emotional Intelligence In Medical Programs
Carlin, C. (2019) · DUNE - DigitalUNE (University of New England)
Delphi consensus on add-ons and social midia in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Ceschin, A. P., Petracco, Á., Borges, E., Cordts, E. B., Nakagawa, H. M., de Souza, M. D. C. B., Caldas, M. M. P., Busso, N. E., de Sá, P. G., Monteleone, P. A. A., et al. (2023) · JBRA · doi:10.5935/1518-0557.20230047
E-PROFESSIONALISM ON SOCIAL MEDIA:THE OPINIONS OF UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS
Devi, L. B., Banerjee, S., Sanjeeta, N., & Mukherjee, S. (2024) · GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS · doi:10.36106/paripex/4005948
E-Professionalism in Dental Education
Mani, S. A., John, J., Uma, E., & Nieminen, P. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0275-6_6-1
Triplett, A., Malisse, C., Kamanda, H., King, J., Warner, S. M., Zieser-Misenheimer, E., Soltany, K. A., Popoli, D. M., Whiting, E., Peters, T. R., et al. (2026) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1093/acamed/wvag078
- Authors
- Gettig, J. P., Noronha, S., Graneto, J., Obucina, L., Christensen, K. J., & Fjortoft, N. F.
- Affiliations
- Midwestern University (US)
- Kansas City University (US)
- ORCID
- Gettig, Jacob P.
- Venue
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 169
- ISSN
- 0002-9459 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5289725
- OpenAlex
- W2585525848
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Social Media in Health Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Interprofessional Education and Collaboration
- Keywords
- e-professionalism, health professions students, professional conduct, digital communication, pharmacy students, dental students, physician assistant students, professional ethics, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Professionalism, Adult, Attitude, Attitude of Health Personnel, Education, Dental, Education, Pharmacy, Female, Humans, Male, Osteopathic Medicine, Physician Assistants, Surveys and Questionnaires, Students, Students, Pharmacy, Professional Role, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review