Hippocampal Sclerosis in Older Patients: Practical Examples and Guidance With a Focus on Cerebral Age-Related TDP-43 With Sclerosis
Open accessAbstract
Context.—: Autopsy studies of the older population (≥65 years of age), and particularly of the “oldest-old” (≥85 years of age), have identified a significant proportion (∼20%) of cognitively impaired patients in which hippocampal sclerosis is the major substrate of an amnestic syndrome. Hippocampal sclerosis may also be comorbid with frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Alzheimer disease, and Lewy body disease. Until recently, the terms hippocampal sclerosis of aging or hippocampal sclerosis dementia were applied in this context. Recent discoveries have prompted a conceptual expansion of hippocampal sclerosis of aging because (1) cellular inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) are frequent; (2) TDP-43 pathology may be found outside hippocampus; and (3) brain arteriolosclerosis is a common, possibly pathogenic, component. Objective.—: To aid pathologists with recent recommendations for diagnoses of common neuropathologies in older persons, particularly hippocampal sclerosis, and highlight the recent shift in diagnostic terminology from HS-aging to cerebral age-related TDP-43 with sclerosis (CARTS). Data Sources.—: Peer-reviewed literature and 5 autopsy examples that illustrate common age-related neuropathologies, including CARTS, and emphasize the importance of distinguishing CARTS from late-onset frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology and from advanced Alzheimer disease with TDP-43 pathology. Conclusions.—: In advanced old age, the substrates of cognitive impairment are often multifactorial. This article demonstrates common and frequently comorbid neuropathologic substrates of cognitive impairment in the older population, including CARTS, to aid those practicing in this area of pathology.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Hippocampal sclerosis of aging almost always includes TDP-43 deposits and sometimes arteriolosclerosis.
“Hippocampal sclerosis of aging is now recognized to almost always include TDP-43 deposits and sometimes arteriolosclerosis that lead to intracellular and neuritic deposits of TDP-43 in the hippocampus during the preclinical state and eventually hippocampal sclerosis and cerebral atrophy in the disease state [130, 131].”
From The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
The Abstract (Context; page not provided) says TDP-43 inclusions are frequent in hippocampal sclerosis of aging and brain arteriolosclerosis is a common, possibly pathogenic component. The Abstract (Conclusions; page not provided) calls TDP-43 pathology a critical diagnostic feature, but does not establish the stronger “almost always” frequency. It also does not establish the citing sentence’s proposed causal sequence from deposits in a preclinical state to sclerosis and cerebral atrophy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Neumann, M., Sampathu, D. M., Kwong, L. K., Truax, A. C., Micsenyi, M. C., Chou, T. T., Bruce, J., Schuck, T., Grossman, M., Clark, C. M., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1134108 · Cited by 6,576 · see citing works
Hyman, B. T., Phelps, C. H., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., Cairns, N. J., Carrillo, M. C., Dickson, D. W., Duyckaerts, C., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., et al. (2012) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.10.007 · Cited by 3,092 · see citing works
Self-citationMontine, T. J., Phelps, C. H., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., Cairns, N. J., Dickson, D. W., Duyckaerts, C., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., Mirra, S. S., et al. (2012) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0910-3 · Cited by 2,992 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Pathologically, HS-aging is defined by neuron loss and gliosis in the hippocampal sector CA1 and subiculum that is out of proportion to the burden of AD neuropathologies.(7,13,17,18) This results in ‘‘sclerosis,’’ or hardening of the atrophic hippocampus, as well as severe astrogliosis and neuronal loss.”
InfluentialSelf-citationPrimary age-related tauopathy (PART): a common pathology associated with human aging
Crary, J. F., Trojanowski, J. Q., Schneider, J. A., Abisambra, J. F., Abner, E. L., Alafuzoff, I., Arnold, S. E., Attems, J., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., et al. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1349-0 · Cited by 1,467 · see citing works
Self-citationTDP-43 and FUS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia
Mackenzie, I. R., Rademakers, R., & Neumann, M. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70195-2 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
TDP‐43 immunoreactivity in hippocampal sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease
Amador‐Ortiz, C., Lin, W., Ahmed, Z., Personett, D., Davies, P., Duara, R., Graff‐Radford, N. R., Hutton, M. L., & Dickson, D. W. (2007) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21154 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Toledo, J. B., Arnold, S. E., Raible, K., Brettschneider, J., Xie, S. X., Grossman, M., Monsell, S. E., Kukull, W. A., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt188 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System
Crosby, E. C., Humphrey, T., Lauer, E. W., & Kappers, J. A. (1962) · Biblioteca Digital (Real Academia Nacional de Medicina) · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Barker, W., Luis, C. A., Kashuba, A., Luis, M., Harwood, D. G., Loewenstein, D., Waters, C., Jimison, P., Shepherd, E., Sevush, S., et al. (2002) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-200210000-00001 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Aberrant cleavage of TDP-43 enhances aggregation and cellular toxicity
Zhang, Y., Xu, Y.-F., Cook, C. N., Gendron, T. F., Roettges, P. S., Link, C. D., Lin, W.-L., Tong, J., Castanedes‐Casey, M., Ash, P. E. A., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900688106 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Prevalence, characteristics, and survival of frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes
Coyle-Gilchrist, I. T. S., Dick, K. M., Patterson, K. E., Rodríguez, P. V., Wehmann, E., Wilcox, A., Lansdall, C. J., Dawson, K., Wiggins, J., Mead, S., et al. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002638 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Architectonics of the Human Telencephalic Cortex
Braak, H. (1980) · Studies of brain function · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-81522-5 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
TDP-43 is a key player in the clinical features associated with Alzheimer’s disease
Josephs, K. A., Whitwell, J. L., Weigand, S. D., Murray, M. E., Tosakulwong, N., Liesinger, A. M., Petrucelli, L., Senjem, M. L., Knopman, D. S., Boeve, B. F., et al. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1269-z · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Staging TDP-43 pathology in Alzheimer’s disease
Josephs, K. A., Murray, M. E., Whitwell, J. L., Parisi, J. E., Petrucelli, L., Jack, C. R., Petersen, R. C., & Dickson, D. W. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1211-9 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Nelson, P. T., Head, E., Schmitt, F. A., Davis, P. R., Neltner, J. H., Jicha, G. A., Abner, E. L., Smith, C. D., Van Eldik, L. J., Kryscio, R. J., et al. (2011) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0826-y · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Self-citationBeecham, G. W., Hamilton, K., Naj, A. C., Martin, E. R., Huentelman, M., Myers, A. J., Corneveaux, J. J., Hardy, J., Vonsattel, J.-P., Younkin, S. G., et al. (2014) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004606 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Emerging mechanisms of molecular pathology in ALS
Peters, O. M., Ghasemi, M., & Brown, R. H. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci71601 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Hippocampal sclerosis and <scp>TDP</scp> ‐43 pathology in aging and <scp>A</scp> lzheimer disease
Nag, S., Yu, L., Capuano, A. W., Wilson, R. S., Leurgans, S. E., Bennett, D. A., & Schneider, J. A. (2015) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24388 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Dickson, D. W., Davies, P., Bevona, C., van Hoeven, K. H., Factor, S. M., Grober, E. H., Aronson, M. K., & Crystal, H. (1994) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00293396 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Hippocampal sclerosis in advanced age: clinical and pathological features
Nelson, P. T., Schmitt, F. A., Lin, Y., Abner, E. L., Jicha, G. A., Patel, E., Thomason, P. C., Neltner, J. H., Smith, C. D., Santacruz, K. S., et al. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr053 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citationNelson, P. T., Abner, E. L., Schmitt, F. A., Kryscio, R. J., Jicha, G. A., Smith, C. D., Davis, D. G., Poduska, J. W., Patel, E., Mendiondo, M. S., et al. (2010) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00244.x · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimating the Number of Persons with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration in the US Population
Knopman, D. S., & Roberts, R. O. (2011) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-011-9538-y · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Hippocampal sclerosis of aging, a prevalent and high-morbidity brain disease
Nelson, P. T., Smith, C. D., Abner, E. L., Wilfred, B. R., Wang, W., Neltner, J. H., Baker, M., Fardo, D. W., Kryscio, R. J., Scheff, S. W., et al. (2013) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1154-1 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationPART, a distinct tauopathy, different from classical sporadic Alzheimer disease.
Jellinger, K. A., Alafuzoff, I., Attems, J., Beach, T. G., Cairns, N. J., Crary, J. F., Dickson, D. W., Hof, P. R., Hyman, B. T., Jack, C. R., et al. (2015) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1407-2 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citation“New Old Pathologies”: AD, PART, and Cerebral Age-Related TDP-43 With Sclerosis (CARTS)
Nelson, P. T., Trojanowski, J. Q., Abner, E. L., Al-Janabi, O. M., Jicha, G. A., Schmitt, F. A., Smith, C. D., Fardo, D. W., Wang, W.-X., Kryscio, R. J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlw033 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationDavidson, Y. S., Raby, S., Foulds, P. G., Robinson, A., Thompson, J. C., Sikkink, S. K., Yusuf, I. H., Amin, H., DuPlessis, D., Troakes, C., et al. (2011) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0879-y · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Differential clinicopathologic and Genetic features of late-onset amnestic dementias
Murray, M., Cannon, A., Graff-Radford, N., Liesinger, A. M., Rutherford, N., Ross, O., Duara, R., Carrasquillo, M., Rademakers, R., & Dickson, D. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1302-2 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 and pathological subtype of Alzheimer's disease impact clinical features
Josephs, K. A., Whitwell, J. L., Tosakulwong, N., Weigand, S. D., Murray, M. E., Liesinger, A. M., Petrucelli, L., Senjem, M. L., Ivnik, R. J., Parisi, J. E., et al. (2015) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24493 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Arteriolosclerosis that affects multiple brain regions is linked to hippocampal sclerosis of ageing
Neltner, J. H., Abner, E. L., Baker, S., Schmitt, F. A., Kryscio, R. J., Jicha, G. A., Smith, C. D., Hammack, E., Kukull, W. A., Brenowitz, W. D., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt318 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationDawe, R. J., Bennett, D. A., Schneider, J. A., & Arfanakis, K. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026286 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Brenowitz, W. D., Monsell, S. E., Schmitt, F. A., Kukull, W. A., & Nelson, P. T. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-131880 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain pathologies in extreme old age
Neltner, J. H., Abner, E. L., Jicha, G. A., Schmitt, F. A., Patel, E., Poon, L. W., Marla, G., Green, R. C., Davey, A., Johnson, M. A., et al. (2015) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.009 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationCommon Variant in GRN Is a Genetic Risk Factor for Hippocampal Sclerosis in the Elderly
Dickson, D. W., Baker, M., & Rademakers, R. (2010) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000289231 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Hippocampal sclerosis dementia differs from hippocampal sclerosis in frontal lobe degeneration
Amador, C., Ahmed, Z., Zehr, C., & Dickson, D. W. (2006) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-006-0183-4 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Hippocampal Sclerosis in the Elderly
Pao, W. C., Dickson, D. W., Crook, J. E., Finch, N. A., Rademakers, R., & Graff‐Radford, N. R. (2011) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e31820f8f50 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
ABCC9 gene polymorphism is associated with hippocampal sclerosis of aging pathology
Nelson, P. T., Estus, S., Abner, E. L., Parikh, I. J., Malik, M., Neltner, J. H., Ighodaro, E. T., Wang, W., Wilfred, B. R., Wang, L., et al. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1282-2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationHippocampal sclerosis in Lewy body disease is a TDP-43 proteinopathy similar to FTLD-TDP Type A
Aoki, N., Murray, M. E., Ogaki, K., Fujioka, S., Rutherford, N. J., Rademakers, R., Ross, O. A., & Dickson, D. W. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1358-z · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Emerging mechanisms of molecular pathology in ALS
Peters, O. M., Ghasemi, M., & Brown, R. H. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci82693 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Pathological correlates of frontotemporal lobar degeneration in the elderly
Baborie, A., Griffiths, T. D., Jaros, E., McKeith, I. G., Burn, D. J., Richardson, A. M. T., Ferrari, R., Moreno, J. H., Momeni, P., DuPlessis, D., et al. (2010) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-010-0765-z · Cited by 78 · see citing works
TDP-43 immunoreactivity in anoxic, ischemic and neoplastic lesions of the central nervous system
Lee, E. B., Lee, V. M. ‐., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Neumann, M. (2007) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-007-0331-5 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Cykowski, M. D., Takei, H., Eldik, L. J. V., Schmitt, F. A., Jicha, G. A., Powell, S. Z.-E., & Nelson, P. T. (2016) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlw014 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationCellular Structure of the Human Cerebral Cortex
von Economo, C. (2009) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/isbn.978-3-8055-9062-4 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hippocampal Sclerosis of Aging Can Be Segmental
Ighodaro, E. T., Jicha, G. A., Schmitt, F. A., Neltner, J. H., Abner, E. L., Kryscio, R. J., Smith, C. D., Duplessis, T., Anderson, S., Patel, E., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0000000000000204 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationStructure of the human brain — A photographic atlas
Powell, T. P. S. (1977) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(77)90171-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [17]Nag S Yu L Capuano AW Hippocampal sclerosis and TDP-43 pathology in aging and Alzheimer disease Ann Neurol 2015 77 6 942 952 25707479 PMC4447563
- [43]Mai JK Paxinos G The Human Nervous System 3 Amsterdam, Boston Elsevier Academic Press 2012
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
DeTure, M. A., & Dickson, D. W. (2019) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5 · Cited by 3,329 · see citing works
“campal sclerosis and cerebral atrophy in the disease state [130, 131].”
BackgroundLimbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE): consensus working group report
Nelson, P. T., Dickson, D. W., Trojanowski, J. Q., Jack, C. R., Boyle, P. A., Arfanakis, K., Rademakers, R., Alafuzoff, I., Attems, J., Brayne, C., et al. (2019) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awz099 · Cited by 1,547 · see citing works
Self-citationTDP-43 proteinopathies: a new wave of neurodegenerative diseases
de Boer, E. M. J., Orie, V. K., Williams, T. L., Baker, M. R., Oliveira, H. M. D., Polvikoski, T. M., Silsby, M., Menon, P., van den Bos, M. A. J., Halliday, G. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-322983 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Non-Alzheimer’s contributions to dementia and cognitive resilience in The 90+ Study
Robinson, J. L., Corrada, M. M., Kovács, G. G., Dominique, M. A., Caswell, C., Xie, S. X., Lee, V. M. ‐., Kawas, C. H., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1872-5 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
FDG-PET in tau-negative amnestic dementia resembles that of autopsy-proven hippocampal sclerosis
Botha, H., Mantyh, W. G., Murray, M. E., Knopman, D. S., Przybelski, S. A., Wiste, H. J., Graff‐Radford, J., Josephs, K. A., Schwarz, C. G., Kremers, W. K., et al. (2018) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awy049 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Overlapping but distinct TDP‐43 and tau pathologic patterns in aged hippocampi
Smith, V. D., Bachstetter, A. D., Ighodaro, E. T., Roberts, K. N., Abner, E. L., Fardo, D. W., & Nelson, P. T. (2017) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12505 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of TDP-43 in Neurodegenerative Disease
Liao, Y.-Z., Ma, J., & Dou, J.-Z. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02847-x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies: kindred pathologic cascades and genetic pleiotropy
Chornenkyy, Y., Fardo, D. W., & Nelson, P. T. (2019) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/s41374-019-0196-y · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive Impairment in Older Adults and Therapeutic Strategies
Montine, T. J., Bukhari, S. A., & White, L. R. (2020) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000031 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Seeley, W. W. (2019) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000698 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Decoding TDP-43: the molecular chameleon of neurodegenerative diseases
Zeng, J., Luo, C., Jiang, Y., Hu, T., Lin, B., Xie, Y., Lan, J. X., & Miao, J. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-024-01914-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Hippocampal Sclerosis, Argyrophilic Grain Disease, and Primary Age-Related Tauopathy
Jicha, G. A., & Nelson, P. T. (2019) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000697 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationReversal of Age-Related Neuronal Atrophy by α5-GABAA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulation
Prévot, T. D., Sumitomo, A., Tomoda, T., Knutson, D. E., Li, G., Mondal, P., Banasr, M., Cook, J. M., & Sibille, E. L. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa310 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Nelson, P. T., Gal, Z. T., Wang, W., Niedowicz, D. M., Artiushin, S., Wycoff, S., Wei, A. L., Jicha, G. A., & Fardo, D. W. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.013 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationHippocampal sclerosis: A review on current research status and its mechanisms
Zhao, T., Cui, X., Zhang, X., Zhao, M., Rastegar‐Kashkooli, Y., Wang, J., Li, Q., Jiang, C. Q., Li, N., Xing, F., et al. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102716 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
An Overview of Primary Dementias as Clinicopathological Entities
Salardini, A. (2019) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1683445 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
TDP-43 Neuropathologic Associations in the Nun Study and the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
Flanagan, M. E., Cholerton, B., Latimer, C. S., Hemmy, L. S., Edland, S. D., Montine, K. S., White, L. R., & Montine, T. J. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180162 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Rosa, G., Giannotti, C., Martella, L. A., Massa, F., Serafini, G., Pardini, M., Nobili, F. M., & Monacelli, F. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-191075 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Neuropathologic Correlates of Human Cortical Proteins in Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias
Yu, L., Boyle, P. A., Wingo, A. P., Yang, J., Wang, T., Buchman, A. S., Wingo, T. S., Seyfried, N. T., Levey, A. I., Jager, P. L. D., et al. (2021) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000013252 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND): Relative Risk Factors
Kompella, S., Al-Khateeb, T., Riaz, O. A., Orimaye, S. O., Sodeke, P. O., Awujoola, A. O., Ikekwere, J. C., & Goodkin, K. (2020) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2020_131 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Gao, J., Ding, M., Qin, S., Shukla, D., Vicuna, L., Liang, J., & Wang, X. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03089-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
MIND Diet and Hippocampal Sclerosis Among Community-Based Older Adults
Agarwal, P., Agrawal, S., Wagner, M., Cherian, L. J., Aggarwal, N. T., James, B. D., Holland, T. M., Bennett, D. A., Barnes, L. L., Leurgans, S. E., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.26089 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Howard, C., Reich, M. M., Luo, L., Pacheco-Barrios, N. V., Alterman, R. L., Ríos, A. S., Guo, M., Luo, Z., Friedrich, H., Pines, A. R., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70498 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nasir, A. R., & Nouh, C. D. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2025.1671419 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Niedowicz, D. M., Katsumata, Y., & Nelson, P. T. (2023) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlad085 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationMaioli, H., Mittenzwei, R., Shofer, J. B., Scherpelz, K. P., Marshall, D. A., Nolan, A., Nelson, P. T., Keene, C. D., & Latimer, C. S. (2023) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlad035 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationLochner, R. H., Arumanayagam, A. S., Powell, S. Z.-E., Masdeu, J. C., Pascual, B., & Cykowski, M. D. (2024) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlae027 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationAnatomic and Histological Changes of the Aging Brain
Yachnis, A. T. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108554350.002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
TDP-43 y su incidencia en demencias degenerativas
Ure, J. A. (2020) · Neurología Argentina · doi:10.1016/j.neuarg.2020.07.001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Iwasaki, Y., Deguchi, A., Mori, K., Ito, M., Kawai, Y., Akagi, A., Mimuro, M., Miyahara, H., & Yoshida, M. (2018) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1111/neup.12521
Prévot, T. D., Sumitomo, A., Tomoda, T., Knutson, D. E., Li, G., Cook, J. M., & Sibille, E. L. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.28.964742
Neurodegenerative Diseases in Elders
Reichard, R. R., Iles, L. E., Swanson, A. A., & Crain, B. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316823040.019
Brain Banking in Dementia Studies
Işık, A. T., Kaya, D., & Gökden, M. (2024) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3774-6_17
- Authors
- Cykowski, M. D., Powell, S. Z., Schulz, P. E., Takei, H., Rivera, A. L., Jackson, R. E., Roman, G., Jicha, G. A., & Nelson, P. T.
- Affiliations
- Houston Methodist (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
- Published
- 2017-05-03
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1113-1126
- ISSN
- 0003-9985 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2165
- PMC
- PMC5922266
- OpenAlex
- W2610434432
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG028383, R01AG057187, R21AG050146, R01AG042475)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- hippocampal sclerosis, TDP-43 pathology, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, amnestic syndrome, cognitive impairment in older adults, oldest old
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Diseases, Dementia, DNA-Binding Proteins, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Sclerosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
