Cited by 93Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ResearchDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies: kindred pathologic cascades and genetic pleiotropy

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Chornenkyy, Yevgen, Fardo, David W., Nelson, Peter T.·2019·Laboratory Investigation

Abstract

We review the literature on Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies in aged human brains and the relevant underlying pathogenetic cascades. Complex interacting pathways are implicated in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), wherein multiple proteins tend to misfold in a manner that is "reactive," but, subsequently, each proteinopathy may contribute strongly to the clinical symptoms. Tau proteinopathy exists in brains of individuals across a broad spectrum of primary underlying conditions-e.g., developmental, traumatic, and inflammatory/infectious diseases. TDP-43 proteinopathy is also expressed in a wide range of clinical disorders. Although TDP-43 proteinopathy was first described in the central nervous system of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in subtypes of frontotemporal dementia (FTD/FTLD), TDP-43 proteinopathy is also present in chronic traumatic encephalopathy, cognitively impaired persons in advanced age with hippocampal sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and other diseases. We list known Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. There is also evidence of cellular co-localization between Tau and TDP-43 misfolded proteins, suggesting common pathways or protein interactions facilitating misfolding in one protein by the other. Multiple pleiotropic gene variants can alter risk for Tau or TDP-43 pathologies, and certain gene variants (e.g., APOE ε4, Huntingtin triplet repeats) are associated with increases of both Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. Studies of genetic risk factors have provided insights into multiple nodes of the pathologic cascades involved in Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. Variants from a specific gene can be either a low-penetrant risk factor for a group of diseases, or alternatively, a different variant of the same gene may be a disease-driving allele that is associated with a relatively aggressive and early-onset version of a clinically and pathologically specific disease type. Overall, a complex but enlightening paradigm has emerged, wherein both Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies are linked to numerous overlapping upstream influences, and both are associated with multiple downstream pathologically- and clinically-defined deleterious effects.

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  • Tau pathology is a defining feature not only of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but also of almost half of FTD cases (typically those without TDP-43 pathology).

    “tau pathology is a defining feature not only of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but also of almost half of FTD cases (typically those without TDP-43 pathology)”

    From The Role of Retrotransposons and Endogenous Retroviruses in Age-Dependent Neurodegenerative Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as Chornenkyy et al. 2019

    The Introduction (page unavailable) identifies tau proteinopathy as an important pathologic hallmark in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, and the Genetic pleiotropy section (page unavailable) discusses FTLD-Tau. The copy does not establish that tau pathology occurs in almost half of FTD cases. Its Pathologic cascades and synergies section also describes tau and TDP-43 co-occurring, so it does not establish the claimed typical absence of TDP-43 in those cases. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders are clinically diverse but exhibit significant comorbidity and heterogeneous pathology both within and across disorders.

    “Age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders are clinically diverse but exhibit significant comorbidity and heterogeneous pathology both within and across disorders”

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5 of the 206 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [82]Pastor P, Ezquerra M, Munoz E, Significant association between the tau gene A0/A0 genotype and Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 2000; 47: 242– 5. 10665497

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Authors
Chornenkyy, Y., Fardo, D. W., & Nelson, P. T.
Affiliations
University of Kentucky (US)
Corresponding author
Nelson, Peter T.
Venue
Laboratory Investigation
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-07
Volume
99
Issue
7
Pages
993-1007
ISSN
0023-6837 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2912060415
Cited by
93
References
206
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1
FWCI
1.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Laboratory Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (P30 AG028303)
  • National Institute on Aging (P30AG028383, R01AG057187, R21AG050146, R56AG057191, R01AG042475, R01AG028303, R01AG061111)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
TDP-43 proteinopathy, protein misfolding, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, hippocampal sclerosis, Huntington's disease, pleiotropy, APOE ε4, protein colocalization, brain aging
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Tauopathies, TDP-43 Proteinopathies, Genetic Pleiotropy

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