The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Whistling Vivaldi: and other clues to how stereotypes affect us
Abstract
Acclaimed social psychologist Claude M. Steele offers an insider's look at his groundbreaking findings on stereotypes and identity. Through dramatic personal stories, he shares the experiments and studies that show, again and again, that exposing subjects to stereotypes - merely reminding a group of female maths students about to take a test, for example, that women are considered naturally inferior to men at maths - impairs their performance in the area affected by the stereotype. Steele's conclusions shed new light on a host of social phenomena, from the racial and gender gaps in standardized test scores to the belief in the superior athletic prowess of black men. Whistling Vivaldi offers insights into how we form our senses of identity and lays out a plan for mitigating the negative effects of 'stereotype threat' and reshaping our identities.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“School can be especially threatening for members of historically marginalized groups such as African Americans and Latino Americans (Steele 2010).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Steele 2010
In the citing paper
“So do people who experience social identity threat in a setting (Steele 2010).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Steele 2010
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–555 of 555
Intellectual Humility, Proper Pride, and Proper Concern with Others’ Esteem
Tanesini, A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198858836.003.0004
Using Student-Centered Engagement in the Classroom to Develop Cultural Intelligence
Cresswell-Yeager, T. J., & Whitaker, R. W., II (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9026-3.ch001
Tanesini, A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198858836.003.0007
Superbia, Arrogance, Servility, and Self-Abasement
Tanesini, A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198858836.003.0005
Resources for Further Learning
Aguilar, E. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119441779.app1
(2014) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822376088-007
Human Performance Variability: An Evolutionary Perspective
Smith, T. J., Henning, R. A., Wade, M. G., & Fisher, T. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17319-15
Intellectual Virtues and Vices
Tanesini, A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198858836.003.0002
Companies and Unconscious Bias: A Case Study on the Need for Interdisciplinary Scholarship
Russell, R. (2022) · Strategies for sustainability · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06924-6_9
Minorities - New Studies and Perspectives
Hermann, J. R. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.104194
THE OUTSIDER WITHIN: THE EXPERIENCES OF BLACK FRANCOPHONE AFRICAN STUDENTS IN HIGER EDUCATION
Sagna, S. (2023) · Digital Commons - URI (University of Rhode Island) · doi:10.23860/diss-sagna-safietou-2023
The Moral Duty Not to Confirm Negative Stereotypes
Smilansky, S. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198993889.003.0011
Filósofas antigas para filósofas brasileiras
Araújo, C. (2023) · Cadernos de Letras da UFF · doi:10.22409/cadletrasuff.v34i67.59888
Hanna, D. (2024) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.25282501
Jones, A. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190065416.005.0003
Jones, A. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190065416.005.0008
Jones, A. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190065416.005.0004
Jones, A. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190065416.002.0010
Peculiar People: Sound Requirements List
Jones, A. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190065416.005.0002
Jones, A. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190065416.005.0001
Jones, A. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190065416.002.0003
Jones, A. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190065416.002.0005
Jones, A. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190065416.002.0006
The Methodology of Breakdown as a Standpoint Approach
Ward, K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55456-8_5
Tanesini, A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198858836.002.0003
Tanesini, A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198858836.002.0004
Buell, C. A., & Piercey, V. (2024) · Advances in mathematics education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58683-5_22
Stereotypes and Testimonial Domination
Catala, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197776353.003.0003
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.002.0007
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.003.0008
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.003.0006
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.003.0007
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.003.0004
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.003.0001
The Road to Detention Is Paved with Good Intentions
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.003.0003
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.002.0008
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.002.0009
Short Summary of Research Methods
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.005.0001
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.002.0004
Race, Oppositional Culture, and School Outcomes
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.003.0002
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.002.0011
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.002.0006
Lewis, A. E., & Diamond, J. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197557068.003.0005
The Persistent Power of Cultural Racism
Alcoff, L. M. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197796948.003.0002
Alcoff, L. M. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197796948.002.0006
The Historical Formation of Racial Identities
Alcoff, L. M. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197796948.003.0001
Alcoff, L. M. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197796948.003.0003
Alcoff, L. M. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197796948.003.0004
Alcoff, L. M. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197796948.002.0007
'There are thorns in the forest': individuality, social context and reflection in diversity work
Attfield, N. (2012) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town)
Racial Identity and Religiosity: An Examination of Well-Being in Middle Aged African Americans
Spence, C. T. (2012) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k72z13nn
The impact of inter-group conflict on stereotype threat or lift.
Seunanden, T. C. (2011)
White racial attitudes in the age of Obama
LeCount, R. J. (2014) · Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)
Metadata
- Authors
- Steele, C. M.
- Corresponding author
- Claude M. Steele
- Venue
- Choice Reviews Online
- Publisher
- American Library Association
- Published
- 2010-09-01
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 01
- Pages
- 48-0574-48-0574
- ISSN
- 0009-4978 (ISSN-L)
- 1523-8253
- OpenAlex
- W1602557034
- Cited by
- 555
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 12 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 33
- Type
- book review
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Choice Reviews Online (publishedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Career Development and Diversity
- Keywords
- stereotype threat, stereotypes, identity, gender stereotypes, racial stereotypes, standardized test performance, women in mathematics, athletic ability, social identity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
