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Artifacts and cultures-of-use in intercultural communication
Open accessAbstract
This article develops a conceptual framework for understanding how intercultural communication, mediated by cultural artifacts (i.e., Internet communication tools), creates compelling, problematic, and surprising conditions for additional language learning.Three case studies of computer-mediated intercultural engagement draw together correlations between discursive orientation, communicative modality, communicative activity, and emergent interpersonal dynamics.These factors contribute to varying qualities and quantities of participation in the intercultural partnerships.Case one, "Clashing Frames of Expectation --Differing Cultures-of-Use," suggests that the cultures-of-use of Internet communication tools, their perceived existence and on-going construction as distinctive cultural artifacts, differs interculturally just as communicative genre, pragmatics, and institutional context would be expected to differ interculturally.Case two, "Intercultural Communication as Hyperpersonal Engagement," illustrates pragmatic and linguistic development as an outcome of intercultural relationship building.The final case study, "The Wrong Tool for the Right Job?," describes a recent generational shift in communication tool preference wherein an ostensibly ubiquitous tool, e-mail, is shown to be unsuitable for mediating age peer relationships.Taken together, these case studies demonstrate that Internet communication tools are not neutral media.Rather, individual and collective experience is shown to influence the ways students engage in Internet-mediated communication with consequential outcomes for both the processes and products of language development.For some social classes and in highly privileged geographical regions, we have entered into a period of rapid and efficient global communication practices mediating an array of interpersonal, discursivematerial, and cultural activities.Despite the robust connections between the increasing digitization of everyday communicative practice and issues such as globalization and homogenization, Internet-mediated intercultural educational activities remain demonstrably polymorphous.Reasons for this are many.Educational cultures and objectives vary across nation state boundaries (Belz, 2002) as well as across educational institutions within the US.Moreover, within the same university but across courses or time periods, student populations shift, pedagogical goals are reassessed, and micro-interactional phenomena illustrate their own "accentuality" (Volosinov, 1973), even when the task, as it were, is supposed to remain consistent across participants and time (Coughlan & Duff, 1994).The focus of this article is yet another dimension of human heterogeneity --the cultural embeddedness of Internet communication tools and the consequences of this embedding for communicative activity.Three case studies will be presented which illustrate some of the possibilities and problems associated with foreign language intercultural interaction mediated by Internet communication tools.I argue that Internet communication tools, like all human artifacts, are cultural tools (for an extension of this argument to the natural environment and the social construction of nature, see Braun & Castree, 1998;Harvey, 1996;Williams, 1980).Specifically, I show that e-mail, instant messenger, and forms of synchronous chat, are deeply affected by the cultures-of-use, or to borrow a biological term --phenotypic characteristics, evolving from the manner in which these tools mediate everyday communicative practice.To unpack this somewhat, most of the American students in the case studies have extensive Internet experience that catalyzes specific forms (and expectations) of communication.In turn, the resulting Steven L. Thorne Artifacts and Cultures-of-Use in Intercultural CommunicationLanguage Learning & Technology 39 communicative dynamics are consequential for both the processes and products of language learning.Importantly, these case studies span a 5-year period and in so doing demonstrate that the cultures-of-use of Internet communication tools are rapidly evolving, if in geographically non-uniform directions, and play a critical role in the manner in which intercultural communication plays out in formal educational contexts.Of particular relevance to foreign language uses of "telecollaboration" (implying interaction mediated by Internet communication tools), I will include a critical discussion of recent Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) research (Walther, 1994(Walther, , 1996(Walther, , 1997) ) and will build on a theoretical framework that can broadly be termed a cultural-historical perspective of human communication and cognition (e.g., Bruner, 1995;Cole, 1996;Hanks, 1996;Levinson, 1995;Rommetveit, 1974;van der Veer & Valsiner, 1991).This approach emphasizes the process whereby individuals modify, transform, and comprehend artifacts and environments (e.g., Bødker, 1997;Cole & Engestrom, 1993;Kapetlinin, 199
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“A number of recent studies found that the contradictions may also take place because of the misalignment of academic calendars, institutionalized classroom scripts, methods of learning accreditation, academic socialization and technological access (Belz, 2002;Belz & Muller-Hartmann, 2003;O'Dowd, 2005;Thorne, 2003).”
From An activity theory perspective on student-reported contradictions in international telecollaboration (2007) · cites this paper as Thorne, 2003
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“Thorne (2003), for example, in his study demonstrates how the learners' relationship with physical contexts and computers may facilitate contradictions.”
From An activity theory perspective on student-reported contradictions in international telecollaboration (2007) · cites this paper as Thorne, 2003
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“Internet communication tools are often”
From An activity theory perspective on student-reported contradictions in international telecollaboration (2007) · cites this paper as Thorne, 2003
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“Thorne (2003) and Wertsch, Minick, and Arns (1984) showed how the same task is implemented differently by means of available tools across different socio-cultural contexts.”
From An activity theory perspective on student-reported contradictions in international telecollaboration (2007) · cites this paper as Thorne, 2003
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“The most recent studies on telecollaboration (Belz, 2001(Belz, , 2002(Belz, , 2003;;Belz & Muller-Hartmann, 2003;Belz & Thorne, 2006;Chase, Macfadyen, Reeder & Roche, 2002;Kramsch & Thorne, 2002;O'Dowd, 2003O'Dowd, , 2005;;Schneider & von der Emde, 2006;Thorne, 2003Thorne, , 2006;;Ware, 2005) explore the kinds of cultural contact afforded by a technological medium.”
From An activity theory perspective on student-reported contradictions in international telecollaboration (2007) · cites this paper as Thorne, 2003
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“Thorne concludes that radically different cultures-of-use of Internet communication was one of the major reasons for the tension between the French and American students.”
From An activity theory perspective on student-reported contradictions in international telecollaboration (2007) · cites this paper as Thorne, 2003
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“These studies emphasize the importance of physical contexts consisting of mediating tools and other people in shaping an online interaction.”
From An activity theory perspective on student-reported contradictions in international telecollaboration (2007) · cites this paper as Thorne, 2003
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“These contradictions were catalyzed by the clash of curricula versus interactive learning paradigms (Lemke, 1998): the outcomes of different cultures-of-use of computer technologies (Thorne, 2003), instructors' mediation, and resources available to learners within their broader sociocultural contexts.”
From An activity theory perspective on student-reported contradictions in international telecollaboration (2007) · cites this paper as Thorne, 2003
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“Thorne (2003) argues that for successful intercultural and international telecollaboration to take place and in order for Internet-mediated interpersonal or hyperpersonal relationships to develop, there should be certain minimum alignment of cultures-of-use.”
From An activity theory perspective on student-reported contradictions in international telecollaboration (2007) · cites this paper as Thorne (2003)
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“AT can help illuminate challenges related to cultures of use of tools (see Thorne, 2003) occurring when students 'approach [a] new task with old habits' (Blin, 2004, p. 167).”
From Using activity theory and its principle of contradictions to guide research in educational technology (2008) · cites this paper as Thorne, 2003
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(ENETP), E. N. D. T. E. P., & Koné, K. (2023) · Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language--TESL-EJ · doi:10.55593/ej.27107a2 · Cited by 3
The Impact of Playing Commercial Online Games on Young Korean EFL Learners’ L2 Identity
Jeon, S. A. S. (2014) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137023230_5 · Cited by 6
Impact of E-Adoption on Teaching and Learning in the Context of Teaching French
Joly, C., & Iseli-Chan, N. (2010) · International Journal of E-Adoption · doi:10.4018/jea.2010070103 · Cited by 3
Martí, N. M. (2017) · Pragmática Sociocultural / Sociocultural Pragmatics · doi:10.1515/soprag-2017-0009 · Cited by 3
Functional caption literacy development through intra-formal L2 viewing
Alm, A., & Watanabe, Y. (2021) · Aula Abierta · doi:10.17811/rifie.50.2.2021.635-642 · Cited by 3
“This approach draws on learners’ prior use of digital tools for language learning in informal contexts, considering both technical skills and digital cultures-of-use (Thorne, 2003).”
BackgroundUsing Skype to Focus on Form in Japanese Telecollaboration
Akiyama, Y. (2018) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7663-1.ch029 · Cited by 3
Sydorenko, T. (2011) · Michigan State University Libraries · doi:10.25335/m5rr1pt59 · Cited by 3
Terantino, J. (2009) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 3
An activity theory interpretation of university ESL students’ experiences of classroom group work
Hardy, J. W. (2011) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 3
Brine, J., & Turk, D. (2006) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT) · doi:10.1109/icalt.2006.1652499 · Cited by 3
Yu, L. (2014) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 3
Parents Frame Childhood for the World to See in Digital Media Postings
Benevento, A. (2018) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York) · Cited by 3
Hauck, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51447-0_246-1 · Cited by 3
Kohnke, L., & Moorhouse, B. L. (2026) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/tesq.70203 · Cited by 2
Michalovich, A., & Darvin, R. (2026) · AILA Review · doi:10.1075/aila.00070.mic · Cited by 2
Spécificités du tutorat en langues
Mangenot, F. (2011) · HAL · Cited by 2
Chao, C.-C., & Liu, Q. (2022) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2022.102830 · Cited by 2
(2023) · International Journal of Chinese Language Teaching · doi:10.46451/ijclt.20230304 · Cited by 2
Chatting in Paragraphs: Towards Academic Discourse in Foreign Language Chat
Mendelson, A. (2012) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.1274 · Cited by 2
“One explanation for such findings is that students are accustomed to chatting in their first languages for social and playful purposes, and they draw on their out-ofschool communicative norms (i.e., ‘cultures-of-use’) when asked to use SCMC during instructional activities (Thorne, 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialTechnology-Enhanced Teaching Of Pragmatic Competence
Shirkhani, S. (2014) · i-manager’s Journal on English Language Teaching · doi:10.26634/jelt.4.3.2856 · Cited by 2
“They need to refer to recent research (e.g. Salaberry, 2001; Thorne, 2003; Warschauer, 1999) for getting insights on how to implement technology in the L2 classroom in meaningful ways.”
BackgroundBradley, L., Lindström, B., Rystedt, H., & Gustafsson, M. (2011) · doi:10.14705/rpnet.2011.000008 · Cited by 2
“The nature of “production, consumption, and co-construction of meaning and intention when intercultural communication is mediated by such tools” is investigated (Thorne, 2003, p. 41).”
BackgroundInfluentialMikkola, A., & Kumpulainen, K. (2016) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6300-414-5_9 · Cited by 2
Ragusa, A. T. (2010) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-874-1.ch001 · Cited by 2
The role of play in teaching English as a foreign language in early childhood settings in Indonesia.
Mulia, D. (2016) · Cited by 2
Heimatobjekte: A Pedagogy Based on Material Culture to Promote Intercultural Competence
Lynn, C. B., & Strair, M. (2022) · Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German · doi:10.1111/tger.12197 · Cited by 2
Sociocultural Approaches to Technology Use in Language Education
van Compernolle, R. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02237-6_36 · Cited by 2
Study of English self-learning perceptions throughout video games of narrative and fantasy
Alcalá, F. D. R., Hadjistassou, S. K., & Ferrero-Rodríguez, M. (2023) · Linguo Didáctica · doi:10.33776/linguodidactica.v2.7734 · Cited by 2
Cross-Institutional Blended Learning in Teacher Education
Fuchs, C. (2010) · International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning · doi:10.4018/jmbl.2010040103 · Cited by 3
“…the importance of intercultural competence and the role of technology have been stressed increasingly (e.g., Lamy & Goodfellow, 2009; Levy, 2007; Thorne, 2003), and a special issue of Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education focuses on intercultural education and the role of…”
BackgroundMcLoughlin, L. I., & Nocchi, S. (2020) · Palgrave studies in translating and interpreting · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42105-2_29 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Thorne, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Portland State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thorne, Steven L.
- ORCID
- Thorne, Steven L.
- Venue
- Language Learning & Technology
- Published
- 2003-05-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 38-67
- ISSN
- 1094-3501 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2109217363
- Cited by
- 573
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 80.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Language learning & technology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PDXScholar (Portland State University) (submittedVersion)
- ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa) (submittedVersion)
- Language learning & technology (cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Education
- University of Pennsylvania
- Pennsylvania State University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Language, Communication, and Linguistic Studies
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Digital Communication and Language
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Keywords
- intercultural communication, cultural artifacts, computer-mediated communication, foreign language learning, hyperpersonal communication, email, interpersonal dynamics, language development, digital communication tools, cross-cultural collaboration, pragmatic development
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