Artifacts and cultures-of-use in intercultural communication

“…that the process of becoming a competent member of one digitally mediated speech community may have demonstrable effects on presentation of self and the aesthetics of communicative performativity (e.g., Butler, 1993; Cameron, 2000) in another, quite dissimilar digitally mediated interaction.”

“Communicative activity articulates with and is a form of material culture (Bourdieu, 1991; Gee, 1990; Lemke, 1995; The New London Group, 1996).”

“"Participation" and language socialization, rather than "acquisition" of a rule, may be a more apt descriptor for the development of pragmatic competence (making reference to Sfard, 1998, in Belz & Kinginger, in press).”

“One early and quite robust line of CMC research describes the medium as "not rich enough" for many task-related needs (Daft & Lengel, 1984, in Walther, 1996, p. 3), nor is CMC effective for interpersonal exchanges as there is "scant social information" available (Dubrovsky, Kiesler, & Sethna, 1991,…”

“Research in computer-mediated communication and technology-oriented second language acquisition (SLA) has begun to illuminate many of the linguistic, interactional, and interpersonal dimensions to language-based interaction as they pertain to learning and development (e.g., Blake, 2000; Chun, 1994; Herring, 1996; Kern…”

“…and quite robust line of CMC research describes the medium as "not rich enough" for many task-related needs (Daft & Lengel, 1984, in Walther, 1996, p. 3), nor is CMC effective for interpersonal exchanges as there is "scant social information" available (Dubrovsky, Kiesler, & Sethna, 1991, p. 119).”

“The resulting inter-class e-mail exchanges were combative, perplexing, and for the American students, resulted in a general sense of disappointment (see also Belz, 2001, 2003, this issue; Kramsch & Thorne, 2002).”

“…is certainly made more rapid and convenient by global communication networks, but also that traditional understandings of communicative competence (e.g., Breen & Candlin, 1980; Savignon, 1972, 1983) and negotiation (Pica, 1995) may become something quite different when mediated by the Internet.”

“Without endorsing technological determinism -- the suggestion that technology determines human activity (an argument I counter in this article) -- the structural properties of Internet communication tools have an effect on turn-taking and exchange structures (e.g., Herring, 1999; Werry, 1996).”

“Of particular relevance to foreign language uses of "telecollaboration" (implying interaction mediated by Internet communication tools), I will include a critical discussion of recent Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) research (Walther, 1994, 1996, 1997) and will build on a theoretical framework that can broadly b…”

“Cultural-historical approaches to language education attempt to make explicit linkages between an individual's development and the social-material conditions of his or her everyday practice (e.g., Chaiklin, 2001; Engestrom, 1999; in second language research, Lantolf, 2000; Swain, 2000; Thorne, 2000b).”

“Walther builds on what is termed the SIDE model, or Social Identity/Deindividuation theory of group behavior ( Lea & Spears, 1992; Spears & Lea, 1992).”

“Research in computer-mediated communication and technology-oriented second language acquisition (SLA) has begun to illuminate many of the linguistic, interactional, and interpersonal dimensions to language-based interaction as they pertain to learning and development (e.g., Blake, 2000; Chun, 1994; Herring, 1996; Kern…”

“…read parallel texts, see the same films, and share personal biographies using e-mail and a form of synchronous chat (using the program NetMeeting; for other parallel class intercultural collaborations, see Furstenberg, Levet, English, & Maillet, 2001; Kinginger, Gouvès-Hayward, & Simpson, 1999).”

“Of particular relevance to foreign language uses of "telecollaboration" (implying interaction mediated by Internet communication tools), I will include a critical discussion of recent Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) research (Walther, 1994, 1996, 1997) and will build on a theoretical framework that can broadly b…”

“Self-regulation indexes an activity that an individual can accomplish with minimal or no external assistance (for SLA related applications of this approach, see Alm-Lequeux, 2001; Frawley & Lantolf, 1985; Schinke-Llano, 1993).”

“Without endorsing technological determinism -- the suggestion that technology determines human activity (an argument I counter in this article) -- the structural properties of Internet communication tools have an effect on turn-taking and exchange structures (e.g., Herring, 1999; Werry, 1996).”

“McDermott (1977) has remarked that people create environments for one another.”

“Genre as Kramsch and Thorne (2002) use it, and as it is employed in this paper, builds upon the following key insights:”

“Research in computer-mediated communication and technology-oriented second language acquisition (SLA) has begun to illuminate many of the linguistic, interactional, and interpersonal dimensions to language-based interaction as they pertain to learning and development (e.g., Blake, 2000; Chun, 1994; Herring, 1996; Kern…”

“(1978, p. 86; for a discussion of the ZPD in second language education, see Kinginger, 2002, and Dunn & Lantolf, 1998).”

“…study, they note that T/V usage is a destabilized and pragmatically complex issue for native speakers (making citations to Agar 1994; Delisle 1986; Morford, 1997; Wylie & Brière, 1995) and thus for foreign language students it is difficult to learn as a rule-governed behavior (despite the fact…”

“T/V use is embedded in a system of meaning potentials that are realized in particular social interactions (Belz & Kinginger, 2002, in press).”

“In this section, I outlined a theoretical framework describing artifact-mediated practices as, in essence, cultural practices (see also Cole, 1995).”

“…on the other hand, "takes the view that individuals from two societies or communities carry out their interactions (whether spoken or written) according to their own rules or norms, often resulting in a clash in expectations and, ultimately, misperceptions about the other group" (2002, p. 151).”

“This dialectical approach to the relation between agent and structure forms the conceptual foundation of this research and continues today to be at the core of related sociological and psychological inquiry (e.g., for theories of structuration, see Archer, 1995; Bourdieu, 1977; Giddens, 1984; Sawyer, 2002; for an appl…”

“Such over-attribution in dialogic communication creates an ascending feedback loop, the outcome of which might be termed hyper-intimacy (for academic and popular accounts of on-line relationship building and infatuation, see Cohen, 2001; Parks & Floyd, 1996; Scharlott & Christ, 1995).”

“The resulting inter-class e-mail exchanges were combative, perplexing, and for the American students, resulted in a general sense of disappointment (see also Belz, 2001, 2003, this issue; Kramsch & Thorne, 2002).”

“Addressing intercultural pragmatics in foreign language learning contexts, Boxer (2002) distinguishes between cross cultural and interlanguage pragmatics, saying that the latter focuses on the language learner's appropriation and/or acquisition of pragmatic norms represented in the host language…”

“, Bødker, 1997; Cole & Engestrom, 1993; Kapetlinin, 1996), including mediational artifacts such as Internet communication tools (Erickson, 2000; Herring, 1999; Kramsch & Thorne, 2002; Thorne, 1999, 2000a).”

“As illustrated in Case One, artifacts can form the nexus of diverse and heterodox activity (Bødker, 1997).”

“In relation to the education projects discussed here, these norms arise not only from local, extemporaneous activity, but from the wider cultural contexts of computing integral to many students' non-academic lives (Thorne, 2000a).”

“Self-regulation indexes an activity that an individual can accomplish with minimal or no external assistance (for SLA related applications of this approach, see Alm-Lequeux, 2001; Frawley & Lantolf, 1985; Schinke-Llano, 1993).”

“…most recent study, they note that T/V usage is a destabilized and pragmatically complex issue for native speakers (making citations to Agar 1994; Delisle 1986; Morford, 1997; Wylie & Brière, 1995) and thus for foreign language students it is difficult to learn as a rule-governed behavior…”

“Self-regulation indexes an activity that an individual can accomplish with minimal or no external assistance (for SLA related applications of this approach, see Alm-Lequeux, 2001; Frawley & Lantolf, 1985; Schinke-Llano, 1993).”

“…72, for the case of Jackie; Belz & Müller-Hartmann, 2003, pp. 75-84, for telecollaborative teachers; Furstenberg et al. 2001, p. 57; Kinginger, in press, for the case of Anita; Müller-Hartmann, 1999, p. 75, for the case of culture-specific irony; Thorne, 2003, this issue, for the case of Kirsten.)”

“Drawing from cultural historical activity theory (e.g., Engeström, 1987; Kaptelinin & Nardi, 2006; Nardi, 1996), Thorne (2003, 2005, 2009) applied a variation of this argument to processes of Internet tool socialization and have described research illustrating that technologies mediate…”

“…to foster cross-cultural communication also need to consider how the different groups involved relate to the electronic medium as a cultural tool of communication, to better understand how social constraints and opportunities affect intercultural communication (Lam, 2003; Thorne, 2003).”

“, Canagarajah, 2000; Jenkins, 2003, also this issue; Kachru, 2001; Pennycook, 1998; Rampton, 1995); and explorations in the new kinds of discursive practices that language learners engage when using new technologies (see especially Gee, 2003; Kern, this issue; Lam, 2000; Thorne, 2003; and Warschauer, 1997).”

“As previously observed (Kramsch, A’Ness, & Lam, 2000; Kramsch & Thorne, 2002; Thorne, 2003), the electronic medium tends to blur genres that are usually kept separate in face-to-face interaction.”