Refinement of welfare through development of a quantitative system for assessment of lifetime experience
Abstract
Abstract This paper proposes a system that uses intrinsic study data to provide a clear visualisation of the stresses involved during the animal's life history that can be applied to all types of studies, even those not requiring invasive techniques. Thus, it provides an opportunity for researchers to identify and refine key events which impact on the welfare of an animal, and to explain clearly the totality of any necessary harms when justifying the research. Assessment of animal welfare depends on measurement of a number of parameters which will vary according to species, the animal's environment and the scientific procedure, all of which are inter-related. Currently, there are few tools to assess the effects of lifetime events on welfare or even, in some cases, to recognise that they have an impact on the level of suffering. A matrix to assess the combined effects of environment, experimental and contingent events on welfare has been applied, retrospectively, to programmes of work involving macaques (Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis). Lifetime records, available for animals from their birth in the breeding colony through to experimental use in vaccine efficacy evaluation studies, were analysed as a robust validation test for the assessment matrix and refinement of the way in which information on these events is captured. A meaningful assessment method is required prospectively for project licence applications and retrospectively for licence review or decisions on re-use. The analysis will provide information that would support the application of refinements that would optimally enhance the lives of experimental animals.
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AWAG was developed for assessing the welfare of primates in research institutions but has since been adapted for birds, western lowland gorillas, giraffes, scimitar-horned oryx, and large felids.
“AWAG was developed for assessing the welfare of primates in research institutions (69, 90) but has since been adapted for birds (91), western lowland gorillas (92), giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis), scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), and large felids (tigers, leopards, and cheetahs) (26).”
From Comparison of animal welfare assessment tools and methodologies: need for an effective approach for captive elephants in Asia (2024) · cites this paper as [69]
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- Authors
- Wolfensohn, S., Sharpe, S., Hall, I., Lawrence, S., Kitchen, S., & Dennis, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Public Health England (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wolfensohn, S
- Venue
- Animal Welfare
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-05
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 139-149
- ISSN
- 0962-7286 (ISSN-L)
- 2054-1538
- OpenAlex
- W2331011820
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 6.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Animal Welfare (publishedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
- Keywords
- animal welfare assessment, animal stress, macaque, rhesus monkeys, Macaca fascicularis
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