The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Not By Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human Evolution
Abstract
Humans are a striking anomaly in the natural world. While we are similar to other mammals in many ways, our behavior sets us apart. Our unparalleled ability to adapt has allowed us to occupy virtually every habitat on earth, and our societies are larger, more complex, and more cooperative than any other mammal's. In Not by Genes Alone, Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd argue that only a Darwinian theory of cultural evolution can explain these unique characteristics. Not by Genes Alone offers a radical interpretation of human evolution, arguing that our ecological dominance and our singular social systems stem from a psychology uniquely adapted to create complex culture. Richerson and Boyd consider culture to be essential to human adaptation, as much a part of human biology as bipedal locomotion. Drawing on work in the fields of anthropology, political science, sociology, and economics - and building their case with such fascinating examples as kayaks, clever knots, and yams that require twelve men to carry them - Richerson and Boyd convincingly demonstrate that culture and biology are inextricably linked. In abandoning the nature-versus-nurture debate as fundamentally misconceived, Not by Genes Alone is a truly original and groundbreaking theory of the role of culture in evolution and a book to be reckoned with for generations to come.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In this way, sociocultural and environmental factors transmit emotion concepts to the new generations as a tool for regulating the body and each other.50,51,[154][155][156]”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [156]
In the citing paper
“Culture has been defined as information capable of affecting individuals' behaviours that is acquired from other individuals via social transmission 50 .”
From Machine culture (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,013
The coevolution of economic institutions and sustainable consumption via cultural group selection
Waring, T. M., Goff, S., & Smaldino, P. E. (2016) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.09.022 · Cited by 77
“Cultural group selection has been mostly employed to explain the rise and spread of cooperative behaviors (Richerson and Boyd, 2005).”
BackgroundPredictors of hazing motivation in a representative sample of the United States
Cimino, A. (2013) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.08.007 · Cited by 84
A Niche Construction Perspective on the Middle–Upper Paleolithic Transition in Italy
Riel-Salvatore, J. G. (2010) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-010-9093-9 · Cited by 79
“Dual inheritance theory (DIT) as detailed by Boyd and Richerson (1985) and Richerson and Boyd (2005) provides a precedent for an NCT-like approach to human evolutionary processes that most archaeologists are familiar with, albeit a somewhat simpler one.”
BackgroundRelationship thinking and human pragmatics
Enfield, N. J. (2008) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2008.09.007 · Cited by 78
Shahrier, S., Kotani, K., & Saijo, T. (2017) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-017-0447-z · Cited by 77
Institutions, organizations, impersonality, and interests: The dynamics of institutions
WALLIS, J. J. (2011) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2011.02.002 · Cited by 87
Individuals Among the Pots: How Do Traditional Ceramic Shapes Vary Between Potters?
Gandon, E., Coyle, T., Bootsma, R. J., Roux, V., & Endler, J. A. (2018) · Ecological Psychology · doi:10.1080/10407413.2018.1438200 · Cited by 79
Dietrich, A., & Haider, H. (2014) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-014-0743-x · Cited by 82
Enhanced recognition of defectors depends on their rarity
Barclay, P. (2008) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.11.013 · Cited by 83
Godfrey‐Smith, P. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0118 · Cited by 81
Thinking outside the cortex: social motivation in the evolution and development of language
Syal, S., & Finlay, B. L. (2010) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00997.x · Cited by 77
“…that is, how to stabilize social structures and eliminate cheating such that the manifest benefits of extended altruism to social groups can be had, have been explored in number (Wilson, Van Vugt & O'Gorman, 2008; Bowles, 2006; Richerson & Boyd, 2005; Warneken & Tomasello, 2008; Pagel, 2009).”
BackgroundBuskell, A. (2017) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-017-9570-6 · Cited by 70
Wilkins, J., Brown, K. S., Oestmo, S., Pereira, T., Ranhorn, K. L., Schoville, B. J., & Marean, C. W. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174051 · Cited by 81
Moral Enhancement and Artificial Intelligence: Moral AI?
Savulescu, J., & Maslen, H. (2014) · Topics in intelligent engineering and informatics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09668-1_6 · Cited by 91
Precaution systems and ritualized behavior
Boyer, P., & Linard, P. (2006) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x06009575 · Cited by 76
Wuepper, D., & Sauer, J. (2016) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.05.003 · Cited by 78
Unity and diversity in human language
Fitch, W. T. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0223 · Cited by 73
A case for environmental statistics of early-life effects
Frankenhuis, W. E., Nettle, D., & Dall, S. R. X. (2019) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2018.0110 · Cited by 79
Does religion make people moral?
Norenzayan, A. (2014) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003139 · Cited by 86
What makes weird beliefs thrive? The epidemiology of pseudoscience
Boudry, M., Blancke, S., & Pigliucci, M. (2014) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2014.971946 · Cited by 72
Darwin's monkey: Why baboons can't become human
Strum, S. C. (2012) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22158 · Cited by 75
A naturalistic approach to the theory of the firm: the role of cooperation and cultural evolution
Cordes, C., Richerson, P., Mcelreath, R., & Strimling, P. (2008) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2008.03.008 · Cited by 67
Self-citationCulture in humans and other animals
Ramsey, G. (2012) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-012-9347-x · Cited by 82
Two distinct neural mechanisms underlying indirect reciprocity
Watanabe, T., Takezawa, M., Nakawake, Y., Kunimatsu, A., Yamasue, H., Nakamura, M., Miyashita, Y., & Masuda, N. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1318570111 · Cited by 78
“A possible evolutionary interpretation is that empathy facilitating acquisition of groupbeneficial traits has evolved in the course of gene-culture coevolutionary processes and pay-it-forward reciprocity is ontogenetically acquired on the basis of such a neural mechanism (52).”
BackgroundCortina, M., & Liotti, G. (2010) · Psychoanalytic Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019510 · Cited by 80
The evolution of altruistic social preferences in human groups
Silk, J. B., & House, B. R. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0097 · Cited by 84
Imitate or innovate? Children’s innovation is influenced by the efficacy of observed behaviour
Carr, K., Kendal, R. L., & Flynn, E. (2015) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2015.05.005 · Cited by 74
Are people really conformist-biased? An empirical test and a new mathematical model
Eriksson, K., & Coultas, J. C. (2009) · Journal of Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1556/jep.7.2009.1.3 · Cited by 54
Mapping the Cultural Learnability Landscape of Danger
Barrett, H. C., Peterson, C. D., & Frankenhuis, W. E. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12495 · Cited by 75
Why Do Irrational Beliefs Mimic Science? The Cultural Evolution of Pseudoscience
Blancke, S., Boudry, M., & Pigliucci, M. (2016) · Theoria · doi:10.1111/theo.12109 · Cited by 80
Are People Born to be Believers, or are Gods Born to be Believed?
Shook, J. R. (2017) · Method & Theory in the Study of Religion · doi:10.1163/15700682-12341389 · Cited by 74
Whiten, A. (2019) · Advances in the study of behavior · doi:10.1016/bs.asb.2018.12.003 · Cited by 77
Ecological economics in 2049: Getting beyond the argument culture to the world we all want
Costanza, R. (2019) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106484 · Cited by 75
Promoting or preventing labor migration? Revisiting the role of language
Liu, Y., Jiao, Y., & Xu, X. (2020) · China Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2020.101407 · Cited by 73
Prosocial modeling: A meta-analytic review and synthesis.
Jung, H., Seo, E., Han, E., Henderson, M. D., & Patall, E. A. (2020) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000235 · Cited by 80
Zwyns, N. (2021) · Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology · doi:10.1007/s41982-021-00085-6 · Cited by 77
Defining and explaining culture (comments on Richerson and Boyd, Not by genes alone)
Sperber, D., & Claidière, N. (2006) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-005-9012-8 · Cited by 73
Independent Cultural Evolution of Two Song Traditions in the Chestnut‐Sided Warbler
Byers, B. E., Belinsky, K. L., & Bentley, R. A. (2010) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/656268 · Cited by 73
Laubichler, M. D., & Renn, J. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution · doi:10.1002/jez.b.22631 · Cited by 74
Exploring the folkbiological conception of human nature
Linquist, S., Machery, É., Griffiths, P. E., & Stotz, K. C. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0224 · Cited by 72
Similarity in Food Cleaning Techniques within Matrilines in Wild Vervet Monkeys
van de Waal, E., Krützen, M., Hůla, J., Goudet, J., & Bshary, R. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035694 · Cited by 75
Mobility-driven cultural transmission along the forager–collector continuum
Perreault, C., & Brantingham, P. J. (2010) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2010.10.003 · Cited by 68
Conformity and its look-a-likes
van Leeuwen, E. J. C., Kendal, R. L., Tennie, C., & Haun, D. B. M. (2015) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.07.030 · Cited by 73
“Recapitulating, conformist transmission can be adaptive because it represents collective cognition: it allows a learner to integrate the output of multiple individuals' social and individual learning experiences (Boyd & Richerson, 1985; Richerson & Boyd, 2005).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCompetitors and Alternants in Linguistic Morphology
Aronoff, M. (2019) · Studies in morphology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02550-2_2 · Cited by 77
Dynamics of Alliance Formation and the Egalitarian Revolution
Gavrilets, S., Duéñez‐Guzmán, E. A., & Vose, M. D. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003293 · Cited by 73
Learning a commonsense moral theory
Max Kleiman-weiner, A., Saxe, R. R., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2017) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2017.03.005 · Cited by 73
Regulatory Traits: Cultural Influences on Cultural Evolution
Acerbi, A., Ghirlanda, S., & Enquist, M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37577-4_9 · Cited by 69
Kinship as a frequency dependent strategy
Ji, T., Zheng, X.-D., He, Q.-Q., Wu, J., Mace, R. H., & Tao, Y. (2016) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.150632 · Cited by 68
Senzaki, S., Masuda, T., Takada, A., & Okada, H. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147199 · Cited by 75
Thomsen, L. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.07.044 · Cited by 77
Long-term gene–culture coevolution and the human evolutionary transition
Waring, T. M., & Wood, Z. T. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.0538 · Cited by 78
Lycett, S. J. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007404 · Cited by 69
How convenient! The epistemic rationale of self-validating belief systems
Boudry, M., & Braeckman, J. (2012) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2011.579420 · Cited by 66
Reyes‐García, V., Paneque‐Gálvez, J., Luz, A. C., et al. (2014) · Human Organization · doi:10.17730/humo.73.2.31nl363qgr30n017 · Cited by 70
Sex in an Evolutionary Perspective: Just Another Reaction Norm
Ah‐King, M., & Nylin, S. (2010) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-010-9101-8 · Cited by 77
Reyes‐García, V., Guèze, M., Díaz‐Reviriego, I., Duda, R., Fernández‐Llamazares, Á., Gallois, S., Napitupulu, L., Orta‐Martínez, M., & Pyhälä, A. (2016) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/689307 · Cited by 74
Midden or Molehill: The Role of Coastal Adaptations in Human Evolution and Dispersal
Will, M., Kandel, A. W., & Conard, N. J. (2019) · Journal of World Prehistory · doi:10.1007/s10963-018-09127-4 · Cited by 74
Why we heal: The evolution of psychological healing and implications for global mental health
Kohrt, B. A., Ottman, K. E., Panter‐Brick, C., Konner, M. J., & Patel, V. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101920 · Cited by 88
‘Dunbar's number’ deconstructed
Lindenfors, P., Wartel, A., & Lind, J. (2021) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2021.0158 · Cited by 79
Viewing men's faces does not lead to accurate predictions of trustworthiness
Efferson, C. M., & Vogt, S. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep01047 · Cited by 68
Religious people discount the future less
Carter, E. C., McCullough, M. E., Kim‐Spoon, J., Corrales, C. M., & Blake, A. B. (2011) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.09.006 · Cited by 70
Roux, V. (2012) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-012-9153-4 · Cited by 68
Applying evolutionary theory to human behaviour: past differences and current debates
Brown, G. R., & Richerson, P. J. (2013) · Journal of Bioeconomics · doi:10.1007/s10818-013-9166-4 · Cited by 72
Self-citationHuman niche, human behaviour, human nature
Fuentes, A. (2017) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2016.0136 · Cited by 75
“8 However, effectively understanding distinctive processes in the evolution of human behaviour and morphology proves quite difficult to comprehensively explain using this approach for two key reasons: human culture [14, 15] and particularly complex human life history patterns [16, 17].”
BackgroundInfluentialPreference for curved contours across cultures.
Gómez-Puerto, G., Rosselló, J., Corradi, G. B., et al. (2017) · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts · doi:10.1037/aca0000135 · Cited by 69
Reputational and cooperative benefits of third-party compensation
Dhaliwal, N. A., Patil, I., & Cushman, F. A. (2021) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.01.003 · Cited by 68
A pluralistic framework for the psychology of norms
Westra, E., & Andrews, K. (2022) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-022-09871-0 · Cited by 82
Founder effect, drift, and adaptive change in domestic crop use in early Neolithic Europe
Conolly, J., Colledge, S., & Shennan, S. J. (2008) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.05.006 · Cited by 68
Emotions in Education: Asian Insights on the Role of Emotions in Learning and Teaching
King, R. B., & Chen, J. (2019) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-019-00469-x · Cited by 80
“While emotions are universal, how they are experienced, expressed, perceived, and regulated are influenced by culture and the surrounding society (Richeson and Boyd 2005).”
BackgroundIntroduction to the Special Issue on the Evolution of Institutions
Blyth, M. M., Hodgson, G. M., Lewis, O. A., & Steinmo, S. H. (2011) · Journal of Institutional Economics · doi:10.1017/s1744137411000270 · Cited by 71
“See Boyd and Richerson (2005a, 2005b), Richerson and Boyd (2005) and Sperber and Claidière (2006). place?) into a non-problem: the primates from which Homo sapiens evolved were already a social species, replete with social rules, norms and behaviors.”
BackgroundGenetic differentiation and the evolution of cooperation in chimpanzees and humans.
Langergraber, K., Schubert, G., Rowney, C., Wrangham, R., Zommers, Z., & Vigilant, L. (2011) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2592 · Cited by 67
Collective Action and Local Development Processes
Elinor Ostrom, B. (2007) · Sociologia · doi:10.2383/25950 · Cited by 74
Apicella, C. L., & Dreber, A. (2014) · Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology · doi:10.1007/s40750-014-0015-z · Cited by 65
“However, it is also recognized that human behavior is flexible and can be shaped by modern environments and culture (Richerson and Boyd 2008; Henrich et al. 2010a).”
BackgroundSocial Transmission and the Spread of Modern Contraception in Rural Ethiopia
Alvergne, A., Gibson, M. A., Gurmu, E. D., & Mace, R. H. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022515 · Cited by 71
Human Collective Intelligence under Dual Exploration-Exploitation Dilemmas
Toyokawa, W., Kim, H., & Kameda, T. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095789 · Cited by 69
Roux, V. (2015) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2015.04.004 · Cited by 72
Primate Sociality to Human Cooperation
Hawkes, K. (2013) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-013-9184-x · Cited by 73
Applying Evolutionary Anthropology
Gibson, M. A., & Lawson, D. W. (2015) · Evolutionary Anthropology (print) · doi:10.1002/evan.21432 · Cited by 52
Human uniqueness-self-interest and social cooperation
Okada, D., & Bingham, P. M. (2008) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.02.041 · Cited by 67
SOCIAL NORMS AND HUMAN NORMATIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Kelly, D., & Davis, T. (2018) · Social Philosophy and Policy · doi:10.1017/s0265052518000122 · Cited by 77
Manem, S. (2020) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-019-09434-w · Cited by 67
Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene Associated with Fairness Preference in Ultimatum Game
Zhong, S., Israel, S., Shalev, I., Xue, H., Ebstein, R. P., & Chew, S. H. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013765 · Cited by 70
“Taken together, these results are consistent with the recent gene-culture co-evolutionary models [91,92] which combine strategies of cooperation and punishment and predict that local learning dynamics leads to different cultural equilibria.”
ResultWhen Inequality Fails: Power, Group Dominance, and Societal Change
Pratto, F., Stewart, A. L., & Zeineddine, F. B. (2013) · Journal of Social and Political Psychology · doi:10.5964/jspp.v1i1.97 · Cited by 66
Cumulative Cultural Evolution and the Origins of Language
Sterelny, K. (2016) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1007/s13752-016-0247-1 · Cited by 67
Cultural evolution of normative motivations for sustainable behaviour
Davis, T., Hennes, E. P., & Raymond, L. (2018) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-018-0061-9 · Cited by 67
New frontiers in the study of human cultural and genetic evolution
Ross, C. T., & Richerson, P. J. (2014) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2014.08.014 · Cited by 64
Self-citationComplex Kinship Patterns as Evolutionary Constructions, and the Origins of Sociocultural Universals
Chapais, B. (2014) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/678972 · Cited by 70
Experiments and Simulations Can Inform Evolutionary Theories of the Cultural Evolution of Language
Tamariz, M. (2014) · Interdisciplinary evolution research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02669-5_14 · Cited by 65
Dynamics and Diversity in Epistemic Communities
O’Connor, C., & Bruner, J. (2017) · Erkenntnis · doi:10.1007/s10670-017-9950-y · Cited by 63
What’s new in the new ideology critique?
Sankaran, K. (2019) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-019-01261-9 · Cited by 69
The role of causal knowledge in the evolution of traditional technology
Harris, J. A., Boyd, R. T., & Wood, B. M. (2021) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.096 · Cited by 69
Self-citationWhat Do Capuchin Monkeys Tell Us about Cooperation?
Brosnan, S. F. (2011) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230116269_2 · Cited by 64
Cognitive consequences of cooperative breeding? A critical appraisal
Thornton, A., & McAuliffe, K. (2015) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/jzo.12198 · Cited by 63
Will, M., Kandel, A. W., Kyriacou, K., & Conard, N. J. (2015) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.021 · Cited by 65
Tehrani, J. J., Collard, M., & Shennan, S. J. (2010) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0020 · Cited by 64
Yamagishi, T., & Hashimoto, H. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.10.003 · Cited by 67
Zentner, M. R., & Eagly, A. H. (2015) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2015.1111599 · Cited by 67
The Origins of Political Attitudes and Behaviours: An Analysis Using Twins
Bell, E., Schermer, J. A., & Vernon, P. A. (2009) · Canadian Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0008423909990060 · Cited by 67
Grodal, T., & Kramer, M. (2014) · Recherches sémiotiques · doi:10.7202/1025921ar · Cited by 63
Dopamine-system genes and cultural acquisition: the norm sensitivity hypothesis
Kitayama, S., King, A. P. J., Hsu, M., Liberzon, I., & Yoon, C. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.11.006 · Cited by 66
Metadata
- Authors
- Richerson, P. J., & Boyd, R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- University of Chicago Press eBooks
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2004
- OpenAlex
- W1484547183
- Cited by
- 2,793
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 137 · 2020: 147 · 2019: 141 · 2018: 137 · 2017: 169 · 2016: 186 · 2015: 205 · 2014: 195 · 2013: 162 · 2012: 202
- FWCI
- 304.01
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- University of Chicago Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Keywords
- cultural evolution, human evolution, gene-culture coevolution, human adaptability, social complexity, cooperation, nature versus nurture, human behavior, cultural psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review