Cited by 520Menopause: Health Impacts and TreatmentsPhysical Activity and HealthHormonal and reproductive studies

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Changes in energy balance and body composition at menopause: a controlled longitudinal study.

Poehlman, Eric T., Toth, Michael J., Gardner, Andrew W.·1995·Annals of Internal Medicine

DOI 10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00005

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of menopause on resting metabolic rate, body composition, fat distribution, physical activity during leisure time, and fasting insulin levels. DESIGN: A longitudinal comparison of metabolic changes in women who experienced menopause with changes in age-matched women who did not experience menopause. SETTING: General clinical research center. PATIENTS: An initial cohort of 35 sedentary healthy premenopausal women (age range, 44 to 48 years). After 6 years of follow-up, 18 women had spontaneously stopped menstruating for at least 12 months and 17 women remained premenopausal. No women received hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS: Women who experienced menopause lost more fat-free mass than women who remained premenopausal (-3.0 +/- 1.1 kg and -0.5 +/- 0.5 kg, respectively), had greater decreases in resting metabolic rate (-103 +/- 55 kcal/d and -8 +/- 17 kcal/d) and physical activity during leisure time (-127 +/- 79 kcal/d and 64 +/- 60 kcal/d), and had greater increases in fat mass (2.5 +/- 2 kg and 1.0 +/- 1.5 kg), fasting insulin levels (11 +/- 9 pmol/L and -2 +/- 5 pmol/L), and waist-to-hip ratios (0.04 +/- 0.01 and 0.01 +/- 0.01) (P < or = 0.01 for all comparisons). Menopause did not affect energy intake, fasting glucose levels, or peak oxygen consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Natural menopause is associated with reduced energy expenditure during rest and physical activity, an accelerated loss of fat-free mass, and increased central adiposity and fasting insulin levels. These changes may indicate a worsening cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile.

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Chávez-Tapia, N. C., Valdés, P. A., Kuba, D., Sánchez, K. S., & Méndez‐Sánchez, N. (2004) · Médica Sur · Cited by 5
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
Won, K. C. (2018) · Cited by 5
Topical androgen therapy: a potential advancement in treating post-menopausal dry eye
Pandey, H., Kumar, R., & Kagithala, N. R. (2025) · Clinical and Experimental Optometry · doi:10.1080/08164622.2025.2509586 · Cited by 4
“24 Such hormonal changes have far-reaching effects on the body such as changes in overall energy, muscle mass, weight gain patterns, strength, etc. 25 These hormonal shifts also significantly impact the ocular surface, contributing to tear film instability, increased ocular surface inflammation,…”
Efeitos da terapia hormonal da menopausa sobre a gordura corporal
Panazzolo, D. G., Silva, L. D., Leão, L. M. C. S. M., & Kraemer‐Aguiar, L. G. (2014) · Revista Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto · doi:10.12957/rhupe.2014.9805 · Cited by 4
The effect of weight change over a 2-year period on inflammatory status in postmenopausal women
Cronin, B. E., Allsopp, P. J., Slevin, M. M., Magee, P. J., McCaffrey, T. A., Livingstone, M. B. E., Strain, J., & McSorley, E. M. (2017) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0014-9 · Cited by 4
“women, who may experience rapid changes in the relative proportions of FM [11] and FFM [12] over the menopause transition.”
BackgroundInfluential
Effects of combined female sex hormone replacement therapy on body fat percentage and distribution
Delibaşı, T., Berker, D. S., Aydın, Y., Pınar, T., & Özbek, M. (2006) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/bf02850132 · Cited by 5
High waist circumference - A potential risk factor for premature metabolic syndrome in women irrespective of menopausal status
Chhabra, N. (2014) · Integrative Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15761/imm.1000104 · Cited by 4
“Estrogen promotes the accumulation of gluteo-femoral fat [11], and the loss of estrogen with menopause is associated with an increase in central fat [12].”
Background
Preventive mechanism of genistein on coronary endothelial dysfunction in ovariectomized rats: an isolated arrested heart model.
Molsiri, K., Khemapech, S., Patumraj, S., et al. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Activity of Autonomic Nervous System, Energy Expenditure and Assessment of Oxidative Stress in Menopause-women Using Hormone Replacement Therapy
Messina, G., Luca, V. D., Viggiano, A., Tafuri, D., Messina, A., Moscatelli, F., Triggiani, A. I., Cibelli, G., Valenzano, A. A., Chieffi, S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2015/18877 · Cited by 3
“which, in turn, may contribute to increasing the incidence of obesity-related diseases such as a worsening of cardiovascular risk profile [1] and Type II diabetes [16].”
Background
Metabolic Changes and Metabolic Syndrome During the Menopausal Transition
Genazzani, A. D., Prati, A., & Despini, G. (2018) · ISGE series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63540-8_12 · Cited by 3
Menopause Increases the Risk of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Essential Hypertension
Crispo, S., Gennaro, S. D., Buono, F., et al. (2010) · High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention · doi:10.2165/11311740-000000000-00000 · Cited by 3
Biochemical and anthropometrical parameters and physical activity of women - a short report.
Przybyłowicz, K. E., & Wądołowska, L. (2009) · Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences · Cited by 3
n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer
Löf, M., Olivo‐Marston, S., & Hilakivi‐Clarke, L. (2010) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-627-6_14 · Cited by 3
ADECUACIÓN DE ENERGÍA Y NUTRIENTES E ÍNDICE DE ALIMENTACIÓN SALUDABLE EN MUJERES CLIMATÉRICAS
Eliana Durán, F., Delia Soto, A., Ana María Labraña, T., et al. (2008) · Revista chilena de nutrición · doi:10.4067/s0717-75182008000300005 · Cited by 3
Training in a shallow pool: Its effect on upper extremity strength and total body weight in postmenopausal women
Poyatos, M. C., & Abellán, M. V. (2011) · International sportmed journal for FIMS · Cited by 3
Good Conduct and Integrity in Epidemiologic Research
Soskolne, C. L., Abbrecht, P. H., Davidian, N. M., et al. (2009) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195322934.003.0013 · Cited by 3
Resistant starch is effective in lowering body fat in a rat model of human endocrine obesity
Robert, J., Zhou, J., Raggio, A. M., Tulley, R. T., McCutcheon, K. L., Martin, R. J., & Keenan, M. J. (2008) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.702.14 · Cited by 3
Carya cathayensis Leaf Extract Exerts Estrogenic Effects on Hepatic Lipogenesis and Adipocytes Differentiation in Ovariectomized Rats Fed Normal or High-fat Diets
Jia, X., Guo, S., Huang, Y., et al. (2022) · Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ccmp.2022.100061 · Cited by 3
La función pulmonar, factores físicos que la determinan y su importancia para el fisioterapeuta
Valenza, M. C., Martín‐Martín, L., López, M. C. B., Castellote‐Caballero, Y., Moyano, F. R., Guzmán, M. S., Torres‐Sánchez, I., & Demet, G. V. (2011) · Revista Iberoamericana de Fisioterapia y Kinesiología · doi:10.1016/j.rifk.2012.02.005 · Cited by 3
“…40% en obesidades con síndromes de hipoventilación 37 34 38---40 de peso, la cantidad de grasa corporal tiende a aumentar, y su masa muscular tiende a disminuir 41,42 Eso puede dar como resultado una proporción inversa entre peso corporal y volúmenes pulmonares, especialmente FRC y ERV 34,43---45 .”
Background
Notice of Retraction: Final Resolution
Sox, H. C. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-9-200505030-00115 · Cited by 3
Determinants of relative weight and body fat distribution in an international perspective
Molarius, A. (1999) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 3
Retraction of publication
Poehlman, É. T. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01498.x · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Retracted
The impact of aerobic exercise training and crocin consumption on MuRf-1 level in skeletal muscle in high-fat fed ovariectomized rat models
Kheradmand, S., Rajabi, H., & Talebi-Garakani, E. (2023) · Comparative Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1007/s00580-023-03505-x · Cited by 2
“On the other hand, ED may increase the prevalence of obesity in post-menopausal women through energy expenditure reduction (Poehlman et al. 1995).”
Background
Obesity and Perimenopausal Symptoms in Mid-life Women in Southern Taiwan
Pai, H., Lee, M., & Lee, S. (2009) · Tzu Chi Medical Journal · doi:10.1016/s1016-3190(09)60058-6 · Cited by 2
“The causes of obesity, including being overweight and fat distribution changes, may be related to hormonal changes during the menopause transition [8,9].”
Background

Authors: Poehlman, E. T., Toth, M. J., & Gardner, A. W.
Affiliations: From the University of Maryland and Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Baltimore VA Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Toth, Michael J.
Gardner, Andrew W.
Venue: Annals of Internal Medicine
Publisher: American College of Physicians
Published: 1995-11-01
Volume: 123
Issue: 9
Pages: 673-675
ISSN: 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
1539-3704
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00005
OpenAlex: W2072594041
Cited by: 520
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 5.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Status: Retracted
Update notices: retraction (2003-10-21)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.acpjournals.org/journal/aim/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
Locations: Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (7k04ag000564-06)
National Institute on Aging (AG07857, T32AG00219, T32AG000219, KO4-AG00564)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Keywords: menopause, energy balance, body composition, resting metabolic rate, fat-free mass loss, fat mass, abdominal obesity, waist-to-hip ratio, leisure-time physical activity, energy expenditure, fasting insulin, cardiovascular risk, metabolic risk, premenopausal women
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Adult, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Female, Humans, Insulin, Longitudinal Studies, Menopause, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Exercise

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Changes in energy balance and body composition at menopause: a controlled longitudinal study.

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