Cited by 520Menopause: Health Impacts and TreatmentsPhysical Activity and HealthHormonal and reproductive studies

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Changes in energy balance and body composition at menopause: a controlled longitudinal study.

Poehlman, Eric T., Toth, Michael J., Gardner, Andrew W.·1995·Annals of Internal Medicine

DOI 10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00005

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of menopause on resting metabolic rate, body composition, fat distribution, physical activity during leisure time, and fasting insulin levels. DESIGN: A longitudinal comparison of metabolic changes in women who experienced menopause with changes in age-matched women who did not experience menopause. SETTING: General clinical research center. PATIENTS: An initial cohort of 35 sedentary healthy premenopausal women (age range, 44 to 48 years). After 6 years of follow-up, 18 women had spontaneously stopped menstruating for at least 12 months and 17 women remained premenopausal. No women received hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS: Women who experienced menopause lost more fat-free mass than women who remained premenopausal (-3.0 +/- 1.1 kg and -0.5 +/- 0.5 kg, respectively), had greater decreases in resting metabolic rate (-103 +/- 55 kcal/d and -8 +/- 17 kcal/d) and physical activity during leisure time (-127 +/- 79 kcal/d and 64 +/- 60 kcal/d), and had greater increases in fat mass (2.5 +/- 2 kg and 1.0 +/- 1.5 kg), fasting insulin levels (11 +/- 9 pmol/L and -2 +/- 5 pmol/L), and waist-to-hip ratios (0.04 +/- 0.01 and 0.01 +/- 0.01) (P < or = 0.01 for all comparisons). Menopause did not affect energy intake, fasting glucose levels, or peak oxygen consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Natural menopause is associated with reduced energy expenditure during rest and physical activity, an accelerated loss of fat-free mass, and increased central adiposity and fasting insulin levels. These changes may indicate a worsening cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile.

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Authors: Poehlman, E. T., Toth, M. J., & Gardner, A. W.
Affiliations: From the University of Maryland and Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Baltimore VA Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Toth, Michael J.
Gardner, Andrew W.
Venue: Annals of Internal Medicine
Publisher: American College of Physicians
Published: 1995-11-01
Volume: 123
Issue: 9
Pages: 673-675
ISSN: 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
1539-3704
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00005
OpenAlex: W2072594041
Cited by: 520
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 5.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Status: Retracted
Update notices: retraction (2003-10-21)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.acpjournals.org/journal/aim/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
Locations: Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (7k04ag000564-06)
National Institute on Aging (AG07857, T32AG00219, T32AG000219, KO4-AG00564)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Keywords: menopause, energy balance, body composition, resting metabolic rate, fat-free mass loss, fat mass, abdominal obesity, waist-to-hip ratio, leisure-time physical activity, energy expenditure, fasting insulin, cardiovascular risk, metabolic risk, premenopausal women
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Adult, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Female, Humans, Insulin, Longitudinal Studies, Menopause, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Exercise

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Changes in energy balance and body composition at menopause: a controlled longitudinal study.

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