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Changes in energy balance and body composition at menopause: a controlled longitudinal study.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of menopause on resting metabolic rate, body composition, fat distribution, physical activity during leisure time, and fasting insulin levels. DESIGN: A longitudinal comparison of metabolic changes in women who experienced menopause with changes in age-matched women who did not experience menopause. SETTING: General clinical research center. PATIENTS: An initial cohort of 35 sedentary healthy premenopausal women (age range, 44 to 48 years). After 6 years of follow-up, 18 women had spontaneously stopped menstruating for at least 12 months and 17 women remained premenopausal. No women received hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS: Women who experienced menopause lost more fat-free mass than women who remained premenopausal (-3.0 +/- 1.1 kg and -0.5 +/- 0.5 kg, respectively), had greater decreases in resting metabolic rate (-103 +/- 55 kcal/d and -8 +/- 17 kcal/d) and physical activity during leisure time (-127 +/- 79 kcal/d and 64 +/- 60 kcal/d), and had greater increases in fat mass (2.5 +/- 2 kg and 1.0 +/- 1.5 kg), fasting insulin levels (11 +/- 9 pmol/L and -2 +/- 5 pmol/L), and waist-to-hip ratios (0.04 +/- 0.01 and 0.01 +/- 0.01) (P < or = 0.01 for all comparisons). Menopause did not affect energy intake, fasting glucose levels, or peak oxygen consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Natural menopause is associated with reduced energy expenditure during rest and physical activity, an accelerated loss of fat-free mass, and increased central adiposity and fasting insulin levels. These changes may indicate a worsening cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile.
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“an age-related loss of muscle mass has been observed in women, this loss being particularly important at menopause (323,324).”
From Endocrine and intracrine sources of androgens in women: inhibition of breast cancer and other roles of androgens and their precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (2003) · cites this paper as [324]
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BackgroundDifferential expression of factors involved in fat metabolism with age and the menopause transition
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Metadata
- Authors
- Poehlman, E. T., Toth, M. J., & Gardner, A. W.
- Affiliations
- From the University of Maryland and Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Baltimore VA Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Annals of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American College of Physicians
- Published
- 1995-11-01
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 673-675
- ISSN
- 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-3704
- OpenAlex
- W2072594041
- Cited by
- 520
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 5.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Update notices
- retraction (2003-10-21)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (7k04ag000564-06)
- National Institute on Aging (AG07857, T32AG00219, T32AG000219, KO4-AG00564)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Keywords
- menopause, energy balance, body composition, resting metabolic rate, fat-free mass loss, fat mass, abdominal obesity, waist-to-hip ratio, leisure-time physical activity, energy expenditure, fasting insulin, cardiovascular risk, metabolic risk, premenopausal women
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Female, Humans, Insulin, Longitudinal Studies, Menopause, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Exercise
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