The State of Research Funding From the National Institutes of Health for Criminal Justice Health Research
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BACKGROUND: Over 20 million Americans are currently or have been incarcerated. Most are from medically underserved populations; 1 in 3 African American men and 1 in 6 Latino men born in 2001 are projected to go to prison during their lifetime. The amount of funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to understand and improve the health of persons involved with the criminal justice system is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe NIH funding for research on the health and health care needs of criminal justice-involved persons. DESIGN: Review of NIH grants (2008-2012) in the RePORT (Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools) database. SETTING: U.S. criminal justice system. PATIENTS: Criminal justice-involved persons participating in NIH-funded clinical research. MEASUREMENTS: NIH research and training grants awarded, by number, type, research area, institute or center, and dollar amount. RESULTS: Of more than 250 000 NIH-funded grants, 180 (<0.1%) focused on criminal justice health research. The 3 most common foci were substance use or HIV (64%), mental health (11%), and juvenile health (8%). The National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Mental Health funded 78% of all grants. In 2012, the NIH invested $40.9 million in criminal justice health research, or 1.5% of the $2.7 billion health disparities budget for that year. LIMITATION: NIH-supported research that did not explicitly include current or former prisoners but may have relevance to criminal justice health was not included. CONCLUSION: Federal funding for research focused on understanding and improving the health of criminal justice-involved persons is small, even compared with the NIH's overall investment in health disparities research. The NIH is well-positioned to transform the care of current and former prisoners by investing in this critical yet overlooked research area.
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The review identified pitfalls to research on decarceration and specifically the lack of institutional investment in this work.
“Our review also identified pitfalls to research on decarceration and specifically the lack of institutional investment in this work.78”
From Community investment interventions as a means for decarceration: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [78]
The Results section (page unavailable) documents low NIH investment in criminal justice health research, supporting the point about limited institutional investment. It does not establish a lack of investment specifically in decarceration research. “Our review” refers to the citing authors’ own work, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Zaller, N. D., Barry, L. C., Dorotik, J., James, J. E., Knittel, A. K., Murillo, F., Prost, S. G., & Williams, B. A. (2022) · International Journal of Prisoner Health · doi:10.1108/ijph-06-2022-117 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationHenning, K., Omer, R. D., Jesus, J. M. D., Giombi, K., Silverman, J., Neal, E., Agurs‐Collins, T., Brown, A. G. M., PRATT, C. A., Yoon, S. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-024-02007-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Suslovic, B. J., & Rasmussen, C. W. (2026) · Feminist Criminology · doi:10.1177/15570851261441575 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Williams, B. A., & Ahalt, C. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190947927.003.0009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Research on People Who Experience Imprisonment
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Proposed development of the Criminal Justice Translation and Clinical Science (CJ-TRACS) network
Zaller, N. D., Staton, M., Gorvine, M. M., Tillson, M. D., Glenn, J., Pro, G. C., Oser, C. B., & Ramaswamy, M. (2023) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1017/cts.2023.531
Incarceration and Health: An Overview of Conditions and Solutions
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Australia’s research investment in the health of justice-involved populations
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Policy Versus Lived Reality: Recreation Time and Physical Activity in Arizona Jails
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- Authors
- Ahalt, C., Bolano, M., Wang, E. A., & Williams, B.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Annals of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American College of Physicians
- Published
- 2015-03-03
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 345-352
- ISSN
- 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-3704
- PMC
- PMC4652644
- OpenAlex
- W2086202579
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 19.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health
- University of California, San Francisco
- National Institute on Aging (K23AG033102, T35AG026736, P30AG044281)
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- NIH funding, incarcerated individuals, health disparities research, federal research funding, substance use, HIV, mental health, medically underserved populations
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Financing, Government, Health Services Research, Humans, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Prisons, United States, HIV Infections, Adolescent Health Services, Substance-Related Disorders, Healthcare Disparities
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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