The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year.
Panpsychism in the West
Abstract
An updated edition of a comprehensive study of the theory that mind exists, in some form, in all living and nonliving things. In Panpsychism in the West, the first comprehensive study of the subject, David Skrbina argues for the importance of panpsychism—the theory that mind exists, in some form, in all living and nonliving things—in consideration of the nature of consciousness and mind. Panpsychism, with its conception of mind as a general phenomenon of nature, uniquely links being and mind. More than a theory of mind, it is a meta-theory—a statement about theories of mind rather than a theory in itself. Panpsychism can parallel almost every current theory of mind; it simply holds that, no matter how one conceives of mind, such mind applies to all things. After a brief discussion of general issues surrounding philosophy of mind, Skrbina examines the panpsychist views of philosophers from the pre-Socratics to the post-structuralists. The original edition of Panpsychism in the West helped to reinvigorate a neglected and important aspect of philosophic thinking. This revised edition offers expanded and updated material that reflects the growth of panpsychism as a subdiscipline. It covers the problem of emergence of mind from a non-mental reality and the combination problem in greater detail. It offers expanded coverage of the pre-Socratics and Plato; a new section on Augustine; expanded discussions of Continental panpsychism, scientific arguments, Nietzsche, and Whitehead; and a new section on Russellian monism. With this edition, Panpsychism in the West will be continue to be the standard work on the topic.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A materialist theory of the mind
Armstrong, D. M. (2017) · Advances in consciousness research · doi:10.1075/aicr.95.c1 · Cited by 821
(2011) · Cited by 368
An Attempt at Writing a Compositionist Manifesto
Latour, B. (1969) · SPIRE (Sciences Po) · Cited by 353
The Political Economy of Peer Production
Bauwens, M. (2005) · Ctheory · Cited by 285
Ecopsychology: science, totems, and the technological species
(2013) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-4131 · Cited by 196
Ecocritical theory: new European approaches
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-3689 · Cited by 145
The Easy Part of the Hard Problem: A Resonance Theory of Consciousness
Hunt, T., & Schooler, J. W. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00378 · Cited by 134
The Problem with Phi: A Critique of Integrated Information Theory
Cerullo, M. A. (2015) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004286 · Cited by 114
PANPSYCHISM AND CAUSATION: A NEW ARGUMENT AND A SOLUTION TO THE COMBINATION PROBLEM
Mørch, H. H. (2014) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 87
Quantum Reality, Relativistic Causality, and Closing the Epistemic Circle
Myrvold, W. C., & Christian, J. (2009) · The Western Ontario series in philosophy of science · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9107-0 · Cited by 131
Debating Materialism: Cavendish, Hobbes, and More
Duncan, S. (2012) · Cited by 52
Pessimism About Russellian Monism
Kind, A. (2015) · Cited by 41
Shaviro, S. (2010) · Theory & Event · doi:10.1353/tae.2011.0027 · Cited by 41
PROTO-EXPERIENCES AND SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES: CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM CONCEPTS
Vimal, R. L. P. (2008) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.1142/s0219635208001757 · Cited by 41
Why travel? – travel, tourism, and global consciousness
Lew, A. A. (2018) · Tourism Geographies · doi:10.1080/14616688.2018.1490343 · Cited by 41
Priority Cosmopsychism and the Advaita Vedānta
Gasparri, L. (2019) · Philosophy East and West · doi:10.1353/pew.2019.0002 · Cited by 40
The Appeal of Panpsychism in Victorian Britain
Pinch, A. (2020) · Romanticism and Victorianism on the Net · doi:10.7202/1069867ar · Cited by 40
On the Plausibility of Idealism: Refuting Criticisms
Kastrup, B. (2017) · Disputatio · doi:10.2478/disp-2017-0025 · Cited by 35
The Philosophical and Scientific Metaphysics of David Bohm
Seager, W. (2018) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e20070493 · Cited by 34
It Must be True – But How Can it Be? Some Remarks on Panpsychism and Mental Composition
Basile, P. (2010) · Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement · doi:10.1017/s1358246110000044 · Cited by 33
Late Exercises in Minimal Affirmatives
François, A. (2014) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822376637-003 · Cited by 30
The Argument for Panpsychism From Experience of Causation
Mørch, H. H. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315717708-23 · Cited by 29
The evolution of consciousness
Velmans, M. (2012) · Contemporary Social Science · doi:10.1080/21582041.2012.692099 · Cited by 27
Panpsychism and Russellian Monism
Alter, T., & Coleman, S. (2019) · The Routledge Handbook of Panpsychism · doi:10.4324/9781315717708-20 · Cited by 27
Powers and the Pantheistic Problem of Unity
Bauer, W. A. (2018) · Sophia · doi:10.1007/s11841-018-0654-9 · Cited by 25
The withering of shared life through the loss of biodiversity
Lestel, D. (2013) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/0539018413478325 · Cited by 25
A defense of the knowledge argument
DePoe, J. M. (2010) · doi:10.17077/etd.jysg86ez · Cited by 25
Cosmopsychism, Coherence, and World-Affirming Monism
Shani, I. (2022) · The Monist · doi:10.1093/monist/onab020 · Cited by 23
Le peer to peer : nouvelle formation sociale, nouveau modèle civilisationnel
Bauwens, M., & Sussan, R. (2005) · Revue du MAUSS · doi:10.3917/rdm.026.0193 · Cited by 23
Thinking about other people in nineteenth-century British writing
Pinch, A. (2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-0145 · Cited by 23
(2011) · Journal of Consciousness Studies · Cited by 22
MATCHING AND SELECTION OF A SPECIFIC SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE: CONJUGATE MATCHING AND EXPERIENCE
Vimal, R. L. P. (2010) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.1142/s0219635210002214 · Cited by 22
An Ontological Solution to the Mind-Body Problem
Kastrup, B. (2017) · Philosophies · doi:10.3390/philosophies2020010 · Cited by 38
Explaining and Describing: Panpsychism and Deep Ecology
Hampe, M. (2013) · Studies in history and philosophy of science · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6241-1_11 · Cited by 20
Radical Empiricism, Neutral Monism, and the Elements of Mind
Wishon, D. (2020) · The Monist · doi:10.1093/monist/onaa026 · Cited by 20
Emotional sentience and the nature of phenomenal experience
Kauffman, K. P. (2015) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.08.003 · Cited by 22
Duckworth, D. S. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781119424246.ch2 · Cited by 20
Bradbury, H. M. (2013) · The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science · doi:10.1177/0021886313502729 · Cited by 20
Wagemann, J., Edelhäuser, F., & Weger, U. (2018) · Advances in Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.5709/acp-0248-2 · Cited by 18
Strawson, G. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781119132363.ch27 · Cited by 18
Ganeri, J., & Shani, I. (2021) · The Monist · doi:10.1093/monist/onab019 · Cited by 17
Vimal, R. L. P. (2009) · NeuroQuantology · doi:10.14704/nq.2009.7.3.242 · Cited by 17
Non-physicalist Theories of Consciousness
Mørch, H. H. (2024) · doi:10.1017/9781009317344 · Cited by 18
Ecological Sensibility: Recovering Axel Honneth’s Philosophy of Nature in the Age of Climate Crisis
Lysaker, O. (2020) · Critical Horizons · doi:10.1080/14409917.2020.1790751 · Cited by 15
The Teachings of Mistle Thrush and Kingfisher
Reason, P., & Gillespie, S. (2023) · Australian Journal of Environmental Education · doi:10.1017/aee.2023.4 · Cited by 15
Jarvis, S. (2014) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822376637-006 · Cited by 15
Neoteny, Dialogic Education and an Emergent Psychoculture: Notes on Theory and Practice
Kennedy, D. K. (2014) · Journal of Philosophy of Education · doi:10.1111/1467-9752.12054 · Cited by 15
Reconsidering the Metaphysics of Science from the Inside Out
Schooler, J. W., Hunt, T., & Schooler, J. N. (2011) · Studies in neuroscience, consciousness and spirituality · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2079-4_11 · Cited by 15
Shaviro, S. (2010) · University of Minnesota Press eBooks · doi:10.5749/9781452942810-008 · Cited by 15
Careful, Physicalists: Mind–Body Supervenience Can Be Too Superduper
Baltimore, J. A. (2012) · Theoria · doi:10.1111/j.1755-2567.2012.01140.x · Cited by 14
Old Pragmatisms, New Histories
Anderson, D. (2009) · Journal of the history of philosophy · doi:10.1353/hph.0.0166 · Cited by 14
The Blind Men and the Elephant: Towards an Organization of Epistemic Contexts
Kleineberg, M. (2021) · Biosemiotics/Biosemiotics. Bookseries · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52746-4_7 · Cited by 14
A Proposed Relation Between Intensity of Presence and Duration of Nowness
Franck, G., & Atmanspacher, H. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85198-1_10 · Cited by 15
Meijer, D. K. F., Jerman, I., Melkikh, A. V., & Sbitnev, V. I. (2020) · Studies in Rhythm Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7253-1_8 · Cited by 17
Consciousness and Existence as a Process
Manzotti, R. (2005) · Cited by 13
New grounds for ontic trust: Information objects and LIS
Martens, B. V. D. V. (2017) · Education for Information · doi:10.3233/efi-170988 · Cited by 13
Manzotti, R. (2017) · Advances in consciousness research · doi:10.1075/aicr.95 · Cited by 13
Anthropomorphic machines: alien sensation and experience in nonhumans created to be like us
Leach, T. G. (2018) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) · Cited by 13
AN INTRODUCTION TO PANSPIRITISM: AN ALTERNATIVE TO MATERIALISM AND PANPSYCHISM
Taylor, S. (2020) · Zygon® · doi:10.1111/zygo.12649 · Cited by 12
Creating New Informational Primitives in Minds and Machines
Cariani, P. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31727-9_15 · Cited by 12
The role of quantum physics in the theory of subjective consciousness
Clarke, C. J. (2007) · Cited by 12
Nicholson, C. J. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781118972199.ch18 · Cited by 12
Ferguson, F. (2014) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822376637-014 · Cited by 11
Understanding Digital Events: Process Philosophy and Causal Autonomy
Kreps, D., Rowe, F., & Muirhead, J. (2020) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2020.750 · Cited by 11
Sand Talk : Process Philosophy and Indigenous Knowledges
Tempone-Wiltshire, J. (2024) · Process Studies · doi:10.5406/21543682.53.1.02 · Cited by 15
On Suicide, and Other Forms of Social Extinguishment
Povinelli, E. A. (2014) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822376637-005 · Cited by 10
Dolbeault, J. (2018) · Continental Philosophy Review · doi:10.1007/s11007-018-9446-8 · Cited by 10
Lazzarato and the Micro-Politics of Invention
Muldoon, J. (2014) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0263276413514118 · Cited by 9
Extending co-operative inquiry beyond the human: Ontopoetic inquiry with rivers
Reason, P. (2023) · Action Research · doi:10.1177/14767503231179562 · Cited by 8
Bridging the Objective/Subjective Divide
Schooler, J. W. (2015) · doi:10.15502/9783958570405 · Cited by 11
Margolis, J. (1985) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004455511_004 · Cited by 8
Pałasz, M. (2021) · Przegląd Kulturoznawczy · doi:10.4467/20843860pk.21.001.13455 · Cited by 8
On the Quest of Dening Consciousness
Lakhan, R., & Vimal, P. (2010) · Cited by 8
Improvisation and Meditation in the Academy: Parallel Ordeals, Insights, and Openings
Sarath, E. (2015) · Journal of Philosophy of Education · doi:10.1111/1467-9752.12143 · Cited by 8
Physical Intentionality, Extrinsicness, and the Direction of Causation
Bauer, W. A. (2016) · Acta Analytica · doi:10.1007/s12136-016-0283-2 · Cited by 11
Bishop, J., & Perszyk, K. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009469104 · Cited by 7
Eden Benumbed: A Critique of Panqualityism and the Disclosure View of Consciousness
Shani, I. (2021) · Philosophia · doi:10.1007/s11406-021-00377-9 · Cited by 7
Pickering, J. (2016) · Studies in applied philosophy, epistemology and rational ethics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45920-2_6 · Cited by 7
When bodies think: panpsychism, pluralism, biopolitics
Savransky, M. (2019) · Medical Humanities · doi:10.1136/medhum-2018-011578 · Cited by 7
Śaṅkaran Monism and the Limits of Thought
Gasparri, L. (2021) · The Monist · doi:10.1093/monist/onab024 · Cited by 6
Paulsen, M., jagodzinski, J., & Hawke, S. M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90980-2_1 · Cited by 6
A free energy reconstruction of arguments for panpsychism
Beni, M. D. (2021) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-021-09739-w · Cited by 6
Empathy’s Translations: Three Paths from Einfühlung into Anglo-American Psychology
Lanzoni, S. M. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-51299-4_12 · Cited by 6
Presence and Reality: An Option to Specify Panpsychism?
Franck, G. (2008) · Cited by 6
Historical path of traditional and modern idea of ‘conscious universe’
Monzavi, M., Murad, M. H. S. A., Rahnama, M., & Shamshirband, S. (2016) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-016-0324-3 · Cited by 6
Rickabaugh, B. L. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781119468004.ch5 · Cited by 6
Bailey, A. (2009) · Dialogue · doi:10.1017/s0012217309090076 · Cited by 5
Skeuomorphic Reassurance: Personhood and Dementia
Kreps, D., Burmeister, O. K., & Blaynee, J. (2016) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44805-3_6 · Cited by 5
RELIGIOUS NATURALISM OR THEOLOGICAL HUMANISM?
Klemm, D. E. (2007) · Zygon® · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2007.00357.x · Cited by 5
Phenomena or Noumena? Objective and Subjective Aspects in Knowledge Organization
Ridi, R. (2016) · KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION · doi:10.5771/0943-7444-2016-4-239 · Cited by 5
Rennie, J., Sjöstedt-Hughes, P., & Morgan, C. J. A. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3494308/v1 · Cited by 5
Survival, freedom, urge and the absolute: on an antinomy in the subject
Frauen, J.-B. (2021) · International Journal for Philosophy of Religion · doi:10.1007/s11153-021-09812-z · Cited by 6
Leidenhag, M. (2016) · Sophia · doi:10.1007/s11841-016-0550-0 · Cited by 4
Comparative Noncontemporaneities
Melas, N. (2014) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822376637-004 · Cited by 4
Paths in Utopia: School as Holding Environment for the Dialogical Self
Kennedy, D. K. (2020) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720537.2020.1848668 · Cited by 4
Is the Brain Analogous to a Quantum Measuring Apparatus?
Pylkkänen, P. (2021) · Synthese Library/Synthese library · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90688-7_11 · Cited by 4
Life's Returns: Hylozoism, Again
Taylor, M. A. (2020) · PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America · doi:10.1632/pmla.2020.135.3.474 · Cited by 4
The Extended Mind Rehabilitates The Metaphysical Hegel
Fritzman, J. M., & Parvizian, K. (2012) · Metaphilosophy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9973.2012.01766.x · Cited by 4
Buddhist Mummy or ‘Living Buddha’? The Politics of Immortality in Japanese Buddhism
Dahl, S. A. P. (2020) · Anthropological Forum · doi:10.1080/00664677.2020.1786804 · Cited by 4
Love, H. K. (2014) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822376637-013 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Skrbina, D.
- Corresponding author
- Skrbina, David
- Venue
- The MIT Press eBooks
- Publisher
- The MIT Press
- Published
- 2017-09-15
- OpenAlex
- W597447553
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 33
- FWCI
- 5.21
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The MIT Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical and Theoretical Analysis
- Keywords
- panpsychism, theory of mind, consciousness, nature of mind, Presocratic philosophy, Plato, Augustine of Hippo, Friedrich Nietzsche, Alfred North Whitehead, Russellian monism, combination problem, philosophy of mind, metaphysics of mind
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review