Evidence for adaptive evolution in the receptor-binding domain of seasonal coronaviruses OC43 and 229e
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Abstract
Seasonal coronaviruses (OC43, 229E, NL63, and HKU1) are endemic to the human population, regularly infecting and reinfecting humans while typically causing asymptomatic to mild respiratory infections. It is not known to what extent reinfection by these viruses is due to waning immune memory or antigenic drift of the viruses. Here we address the influence of antigenic drift on immune evasion of seasonal coronaviruses. We provide evidence that at least two of these viruses, OC43 and 229E, are undergoing adaptive evolution in regions of the viral spike protein that are exposed to human humoral immunity. This suggests that reinfection may be due, in part, to positively selected genetic changes in these viruses that enable them to escape recognition by the immune system. It is possible that, as with seasonal influenza, these adaptive changes in antigenic regions of the virus would necessitate continual reformulation of a vaccine made against them.
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The NTD region itself does not appear to be the target of cross-nAbs elicited by infection or vaccination.
“By contrast, the NTD region itself, which appears to tolerate antigenic variation in SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses (50, 52, 55, 85), does not appear to be the target of cross-nAbs elicited by infection or vaccination.”
From mRNA vaccination boosts cross-variant neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021) · cites this paper as [85]
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- Authors
- Kistler, K. E., & Bedford, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kistler, Kathryn E
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2021-01-19
- Volume
- 10
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7861616
- OpenAlex
- W3123708706
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 31 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 10.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2022-09-14)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (Graduation Research Fellowship Program, DGE-1762114)
- Pew Charitable Trusts (Pew Biomedical Scholar, NIH R35 GM119774-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Keywords
- seasonal coronaviruses, HCoV-OC43, 229E, NL63, HCoV-HKU1, receptor binding domain, spike protein, antigenic drift, adaptive evolution, positive selection, immune evasion, reinfection, humoral immunity, vaccine reformulation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Antigens, Viral, Computer Simulation, Biological Evolution, Humans, Measles virus, Influenza A virus, Phylogeny, Seasons, Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, Coronavirus
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