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Cited by 53Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and ApplicationsAxon Guidance and Neuronal SignalingNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Electron cryo-tomography reveals the subcellular architecture of growing axons in human brain organoids

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Hoffmann, Patrick C, Giandomenico, Stefano L, Ganeva, Iva, Wozny, Michael R, Sutcliffe, Magdalena, Lancaster, Madeline A, Kukulski, Wanda·2021·eLife
DOI 10.7554/elife.70269PMC PMC8547956
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Abstract

During brain development, axons must extend over great distances in a relatively short amount of time. How the subcellular architecture of the growing axon sustains the requirements for such rapid build-up of cellular constituents has remained elusive. Human axons have been particularly poorly accessible to imaging at high resolution in a near-native context. Here, we present a method that combines cryo-correlative light microscopy and electron tomography with human cerebral organoid technology to visualize growing axon tracts. Our data reveal a wealth of structural details on the arrangement of macromolecules, cytoskeletal components, and organelles in elongating axon shafts. In particular, the intricate shape of the endoplasmic reticulum is consistent with its role in fulfilling the high demand for lipid biosynthesis to support growth. Furthermore, the scarcity of ribosomes within the growing shaft suggests limited translational competence during expansion of this compartment. These findings establish our approach as a powerful resource for investigating the ultrastructure of defined neuronal compartments.

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  • Several studies have imaged neuronal processes by cryo-EM and cryo-ET, showing neurites are accessible to cryogenic imaging but persistent challenges remain at molecular resolution due to poor contrast and cytoplasmic denseness.

    “Several studies have imaged neuronal processes by cryo-EM and cryo-ET19–25, showing that neurites are accessible to cryogenic imaging, while also revealing persistent challenges in obtaining information at a molecular resolution due to poor contrast and cytoplasmic denseness.”

    From Ghost Neuron preparation unlocks high-resolution structural mapping of intracellular architecture in axons (2026) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Introduction and Discussion describe cryo-ET imaging of neuronal processes, and the Results report detailed cryo-ET images of growing axons. The Image processing and analysis section notes that signal-to-noise ratio and proximity to other microtubules can prevent some subtomogram analyses, but the paper does not attribute a persistent molecular-resolution challenge to poor contrast and cytoplasmic denseness generally. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hoffmann, P. C., Giandomenico, S. L., Ganeva, I., Wozny, M. R., Sutcliffe, M., Lancaster, M. A., & Kukulski, W.
Affiliations
  • MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (GB)
  • University of Bern (CH)
Corresponding author
  • Lancaster, Madeline A
  • Kukulski, Wanda
ORCID
Venue
eLife
Publisher
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Published
2021-10-26
Volume
10
ISSN
2050-084X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.7554/elife.70269
PMC
PMC8547956
OpenAlex
W3211084271
Cited by
53
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3
FWCI
3.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Apollo
Funders
  • Medical Research Council (MC_UP_1201/9, MC_UP_1201/8)
  • European Research Council (ERC STG 757710)
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
axon growth, axon ultrastructure, brain organoids, endoplasmic reticulum, lipogenesis, ribosome, cytoskeleton, organelles, electron tomography, brain development
MeSH terms
Axons, Brain, HeLa Cells, Humans, Microscopy, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Organoids, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Macromolecular Substances, Electron Microscope Tomography

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