Leonard, Brian E.

Mechanistic explanations how cell-mediated immune activation, inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways and their sequels and concomitants play a role in the pathophysiology of unipolar depression

Leonard, B., & Maes, M. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

Tryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major Depression

Cited by 805

The new ‘5-HT’ hypothesis of depression: Cell-mediated immune activation induces indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which leads to lower plasma tryptophan and an increased synthesis of detrimental tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), both of which contribute to the onset of depression

Maes, M., Leonard, B. E., Myint, A. M., Kubera, M., & Verkerk, R. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

Tryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major Depression

Cited by 700

Depression and sickness behavior are Janus-faced responses to shared inflammatory pathways

Maes, M., Berk, M., Goehler, L., Song, C., Anderson, G., Gałecki, P., & Leonard, B. (2012) · BMC Medicine

Tryptophan and brain disordersStress Responses and Cortisol

Cited by 629

The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and the neuroendocrine system in major depression

Kim, Y.-K., Na, K.-S., Myint, A.-M., & Leonard, B. E. (2016) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

Tryptophan and brain disordersStress Responses and Cortisol

Cited by 620

Kynurenine pathway in major depression: Evidence of impaired neuroprotection

Myint, A.-M., Kim, Y. K., Verkerk, R., Scharpé, S., Steinbusch, H., & Leonard, B. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders

Tryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major Depression

Cited by 527

Inflammation and depression: a causal or coincidental link to the pathophysiology?

Leonard, B. E. (2018) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica

Tryptophan and brain disordersStress Responses and Cortisol

Cited by 409

Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine alterations in major depression

MYINT, A., LEONARD, B., STEINBUSCH, H., & KIM, Y. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders

Tryptophan and brain disordersStress Responses and Cortisol

Cited by 371

Inflammation, Depression and Dementia: Are they Connected?

Leonard, B. E. (2007) · Neurochemical Research

Tryptophan and brain disordersNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Cited by 342

Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with de novo major depression

Pasco, J. A., Nicholson, G. C., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., Henry, M. J., Kotowicz, M. A., Schneider, H. G., Leonard, B. E., & Berk, M. (2010) · British Journal of Psychiatry

Tryptophan and brain disordersStress Responses and Cortisol

Cited by 321

Benzodiazepines: Risks and Benefits. A Reconsideration

Baldwin, D. S., Aitchison, K., Bateson, A., Curran, H. V., Davies, S., Leonard, B., Nutt, D. J., Stephens, D. N., & Wilson, S. (2013) · Journal of Psychopharmacology

Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes

Cited by 249

HPA and Immune Axes in Stress: Involvement of the Serotonergic System

Leonard, B. E. (2006) · Neuroimmunomodulation

Stress Responses and CortisolTryptophan and brain disorders

Cited by 169

Impact of inflammation on neurotransmitter changes in major depression: An insight into the action of antidepressants

Leonard, B. E. (2014) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

Tryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major Depression

Cited by 129

Neuropsychiatric disorders related to interferon and interleukins treatment

Myint, A. M., Schwarz, M. J., Steinbusch, H. W. M., & Leonard, B. E. (2009) · Metabolic Brain Disease

Tryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major Depression

Cited by 116

T-helper types 1, 2, and 3 cytokine interactions in symptomatic manic patients.

Kim, Y.-K., Myint, A.-M., Lee, B.-H., Han, C.-S., Lee, S.-W., Leonard, B. E., & Steinbusch, H. W. M. (2004) · Psychiatry Research

Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentTryptophan and brain disorders

Cited by 100

Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid ingestion prevents corticosterone-mediated memory impairment induced by central administration of interleukin-1β in rats

Song, C., Phillips, A. G., Leonard, B. E., & Horrobin, D. F. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry

Fatty Acid Research and HealthTryptophan and brain disorders

Cited by 91

Serotonin receptors and their function in sleep, anxiety disorders and depression

Leonard, B. E. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics

Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Cited by 74

Perineuronal nets of extracellular matrix around hippocampal interneurons resist destruction by activated microglia in trimethyltin-treated rats

Schüppel, K., Brauer, K., Härtig, W., Grosche, J., Earley, B., Leonard, B. E., & Brückner, G. (2002) · Brain Research

Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsProteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research

Cited by 47

Recent advances in psychoneuroimmunology: Inflammation in psychiatric disorders

Debnath, M., Doyle, K., Langan, C., McDonald, C., Leonard, B., & Cannon, D. (2011) · Translational Neuroscience

Tryptophan and brain disordersNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Cited by 28

Herbal medicine for psychiatric disorders: Psychopharmacology and neuroscience-based nomenclature

Tang, S. W., Tang, W. H., & Leonard, B. E. (2019) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

Medicinal Plant Extracts EffectsComplementary and Alternative Medicine Studies

Cited by 11