Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with de novo major depression
Open accessAbstract
Background: Although there is cross-sectional evidence that changes in the immune system contribute to the pathophysiology of depression, longitudinal data capable of elucidating cause and effect relationships are lacking. Aims: We aimed to determine whether subclinical systemic inflammation, as measured by serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, is associated with an increased risk of de novo major depressive disorder. Method: Major depressive disorder was diagnosed using a clinical interview (SCID–I/NP). This is a retrospective cohort study; from a population-based sample of 1494 randomly selected women recruited at baseline during the period 1994–7, 822 were followed for a decade and provided measures of both exposure and outcome. Of these women, 644 (aged 20–84 years) had no prior history of depression at baseline and were eligible for analysis. Results: During 5827 person-years of follow-up, 48 cases of de novo major depressive disorder were identified. The hazard ratio (HR) for depression increased by 44% for each standard deviation increase in log-transformed hsCRP (ln-hsCRP) (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.04–1.99), after adjusting for weight, smoking and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Further adjustment for other lifestyle factors, medications and comorbidity failed to explain the observed increased risk for depression. Conclusions: Serum hsCRP is an independent risk marker for de novo major depressive disorder in women. This supports an aetiological role for inflammatory activity in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Higher levels of inflammation increase the chance of developing new-onset depression.
“Higher levels of inflammation increase the chance of developing new-onset depression. 138 , 139”
From Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment (2024) · cites this paper as [139]
The Results (page not available in our copy) associate higher hsCRP, a marker of inflammation, with greater risk of new-onset major depression in women. The claim is broader and more causal than the study establishes: the Strengths and limitations section says hsCRP may reflect unrecognised confounders and cautions against generalising the findings to men. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn 1494 women, the hazard ratio for depression increased by 44% for each standard deviation increase in log-transformed hs-CRP, indicating that serum hs-CRP was an independent risk factor for de novo MDD in women.
“A retrospective cohort study evaluating the association between CRP levels and increased risk of de novo MDD, recruiting 1494 women randomly selected and assessed through the Structured Clinical Interview for DS-IV-TR Research Version, Non-Patient edition (SCID-I/NP), reported a hazard ratio for depression increased by 44% for each standard deviation increase in log-transformed hs-CRP, indicating”
From C-Reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder? (2022) · cites this paper as [93]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Pasco, J. A., Nicholson, G. C., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., Henry, M. J., Kotowicz, M. A., Schneider, H. G., Leonard, B. E., & Berk, M.
- Affiliations
- Barwon Health (AU)
- The Alfred Hospital (AU)
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Pasco, Julie A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 197
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 372-377
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2004252086
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin) (cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, major depressive disorder, systemic inflammation, risk factors for depression, women, inflammatory markers, depression pathophysiology, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Weight, C-Reactive Protein, Major Depressive Disorder, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Life Style, Middle Aged, Body Mass Index, Age of Onset, Young Adult
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