The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depressive Symptoms and Increased Risk of Stroke Mortality Over a 29-Year Period
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Several lines of evidence indicate that depression is importantly associated with cardiovascular disease end points. However, little is known about the role of depression in stroke mortality. METHODS: This study examined the association between depressive symptoms and stroke mortality in a prospective study of behavioral, social, and psychological factors related to health and mortality in a community sample of 6676 initially stroke-free adults (45.8% male; 79.1% white; mean age at baseline, 43.4 years) from Alameda County, California. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 18-item Human Population Laboratory Depression Scale. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the impact of depressive symptoms after controlling for age, sex, race, and other confounders. RESULTS: A total of 169 stroke deaths occurred during 29 years of follow-up. Reporting 5 or more depressive symptoms at baseline was associated with increased risk of stroke mortality, after adjusting for age, sex, and race (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.39; P<.006). This association remained significant after additional adjustments for education, alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.22; P<.02). Time-dependent covariate models, which allowed changes in reported depressive symptoms and risk factor levels during follow-up, revealed the same pattern of associations. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study provides the strongest epidemiological evidence to date for a significant relationship between depressive symptoms and stroke mortality. These results contribute to the growing literature on the adverse health effects of depression.
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Citations
Cites
Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder
Weissman, M. M. (1996) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540040037030 · Cited by 2,302
Hostility, CHD Incidence, and Total Mortality: A 25-Year Follow-Up Study of 255 Physicians
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“This is surprising because psychosocial factors have been shown to be importantly related to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, prevalence and progression of carotid atherosclerosis, and acute myocardial infarction.(3-10) In particular, convincing evidence has accumulated in the…”
BackgroundDepression in Women: Implications for Health Care Research
Weissman, M. M., & Olfson, M. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7638596 · Cited by 525
Everson, S. A., Kauhanen, J., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., Julkunen, J., Tuomilehto, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009245 · Cited by 301 · cited 1×
“This is surprising because psychosocial factors have been shown to be importantly related to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, prevalence and progression of carotid atherosclerosis, and acute myocardial infarction.(3-10) In particular, convincing evidence has accumulated in the…”
BackgroundSelf-citationBarefoot, J. C., Larsen, S., von der Lieth, L., & Schroll, M. (1995) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117663 · Cited by 285 · cited 1×
“This is surprising because psychosocial factors have been shown to be importantly related to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, prevalence and progression of carotid atherosclerosis, and acute myocardial infarction.(3-10) In particular, convincing evidence has accumulated in the…”
BackgroundDepressive Symptoms and Other Psychosocial Factors as Predictors of Stroke in the Elderly
Colantonio, A., Kasl, S. V., & Ostfeld, A. M. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/136.7.884 · Cited by 194
Depression and the Dynamics of Smoking: A National Perspective
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Cited by
DE HERT, M., CORRELL, C. U., BOBES, J., CETKOVICH‐BAKMAS, M., COHEN, D., ASAI, I., DETRAUX, J., GAUTAM, S., MÖLLER, H., NDETEI, D. M., et al. (2011) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x · Cited by 2,488
Sex differences in stroke: epidemiology, clinical presentation, medical care, and outcomes
Reeves, M. J., Bushnell, C. D., Howard, G., Gargano, J. W., Duncan, P. W., Lynch, G., Khatiwoda, A., & Lisabeth, L. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70193-5 · Cited by 1,362
Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10 · Cited by 1,366
Loneliness, health, and mortality in old age: A national longitudinal study
Luo, Y., Hawkley, L. C., Waite, L. J., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.028 · Cited by 1,232
Depression and the risk for cardiovascular diseases: Systematic review and meta analysis
Van der Kooy, K., van Hout, H., Marwijk, H., Marten, H., Stehouwer, C., & Beekman, A. (2007) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1723 · Cited by 951
Metadata
- Authors
- Everson, S. A., Roberts, R. E., Goldberg, D. E., & Kaplan, G. A.
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1998-05-25
- Volume
- 158
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1133
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2070434316
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 9.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Depressive Symptoms and Increased Risk of Stroke Mortality Over a 29-Year Period. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/archinte.158.10.1133
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- Everson, S. A., Roberts, R. E., Goldberg, D. E., & Kaplan, G. A. (1998). Depressive Symptoms and Increased Risk of Stroke Mortality Over a 29-Year Period. Archives of Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.10.1133
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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