The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ten Years of Life: Is It a Matter of Choice?
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Relative risk estimates suggest that effective implementation of behaviors commonly advocated in preventive medicine should increase life expectancy, although there is little direct evidence. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that choices regarding diet, exercise, and smoking influence life expectancy. METHODS: A total of 34 192 California Seventh-Day Adventists (75% of those eligible) were enrolled in a cohort and followed up from 1976 to 1988. A mailed questionnaire provided dietary and other exposure information at study baseline. Mortality for all subjects was ascertained by matching to state death tapes and the National Death Index. RESULTS: California Adventists have higher life expectancies at the age of 30 years than other white Californians by 7.28 years (95% confidence interval, 6.59-7.97 years) in men and by 4.42 years (95% confidence interval, 3.96-4.88 years) in women, giving them perhaps the highest life expectancy of any formally described population. Commonly observed combinations of diet, exercise, body mass index, past smoking habits, and hormone replacement therapy (in women) can account for differences of up to 10 years of life expectancy among Adventists. A comparison of life expectancy when these factors take high-risk compared with low-risk values shows independent effects that vary between 1.06 and 2.74 years for different variables. The effect of each variable is assessed with all others at either medium- or high-risk levels. CONCLUSIONS: Choices regarding diet, exercise, cigarette smoking, body weight, and hormone replacement therapy, in combination, appear to change life expectancy by many years. The longevity experience of Adventists probably demonstrates the beneficial effects of more optimal behaviors.
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“Healthy behavioral choices in Californian Adventists extend life expectancy by several years, even as much as a decade, (190).”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [190]
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Physical Activity, All-Cause Mortality, and Longevity of College Alumni
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Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health
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A Possible Protective Effect of Nut Consumption on Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
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Self-citationStamler, J., Stamler, R., Neaton, J. D., Wentworth, D. N., Daviglus, M. L., Garside, D., Dyer, A. R., Liu, K., & Greenland, P. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.21.2012 · Cited by 723
Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: prospective cohort study
Hu, F. B., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., Rosner, B. A., Speizer, F. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Willett, W. C. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7169.1341 · Cited by 597
Aging, Health Risks, and Cumulative Disability
Harper, D. W., & Forbes, W. F. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199808133390716 · Cited by 515
Fraser, G. E. (1999) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/70.3.532s · Cited by 489
Self-citationInternational diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction and acute stroke
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1 of the 45 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803 · Cited by 7,143
Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases
Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., & Laye, M. J. (2012) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c110025 · Cited by 2,575
Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging
Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., Kunkel, S. R., & Kasl, S. V. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.261 · Cited by 1,508
The role of exercise and PGC1α in inflammation and chronic disease
Handschin, C., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07206 · Cited by 1,083
Mind matters: cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes
Levy, B. R. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/58.4.p203 · Cited by 908
Metadata
- Authors
- Fraser, G. E., & Shavlik, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Loma Linda University (US)
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2001-07-09
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1645
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1987396815
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1f33ca066287-01a1x1)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG008961, R01-AG08961)
- National Cancer Institute (1F33CA66287)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- life expectancy, Seventh-day Adventists, diet, physical activity, cigarette smoking, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, mortality, lifestyle habits, longevity, preventive medicine
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, California, Christianity, Diet, Female, Humans, Life Expectancy, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk, Exercise, Life Tables
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