Cited by 1,172Heart Failure Treatment and ManagementCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

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Risk Factors for Congestive Heart Failure in US Men and Women: NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study

He, Jiang, Ogden, Lorraine G., Bazzano, Lydia A., Vupputuri, Suma, Loria, Catherine, Whelton, Paul K.·2001·Archives of Internal Medicine

DOI 10.1001/archinte.161.7.996

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) has been increasing steadily in the United States during the past 2 decades. We studied risk factors for CHF and their corresponding attributable risk in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 13 643 men and women without a history of CHF at baseline examination were included in this prospective cohort study. Risk factors were measured using standard methods between 1971 and 1975. Incidence of CHF was assessed using medical records and death certificates obtained between 1982 and 1984 and in 1986, 1987, and 1992. RESULTS: During average follow-up of 19 years, 1382 CHF cases were documented. Incidence of CHF was positively and significantly associated with male sex (relative risk [RR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.39; P<.001; population attributable risk [PAR], 8.9%), less than a high school education (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04-1.42; P =.01; PAR, 8.9%), low physical activity (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.38; P<.001; PAR, 9.2%), cigarette smoking (RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.39-1.83; P<.001; PAR, 17.1%), overweight (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12-1.52; P =.001; PAR, 8.0%), hypertension (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.24-1.59; P<.001; PAR, 10.1%), diabetes (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.51-2.28; P<.001; PAR, 3.1%), valvular heart disease (RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.17-1.82; P =.001; PAR, 2.2%), and coronary heart disease (RR, 8.11; 95% CI, 6.95-9.46; P<.001; PAR, 61.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Male sex, less education, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, overweight, diabetes, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and coronary heart disease are all independent risk factors for CHF. More than 60% of the CHF that occurs in the US general population might be attributable to coronary heart disease.

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BackgroundInfluential
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Background
Heart remodelling and obesity: the complexities and variation of cardiac geometry: Figure 1
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Newton, J. D., Blackledge, H. M., & Squire, I. B. (2005) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2004.057935 · Cited by 48
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Okin, P. M., Kjeldsen, S. E., Dahlöf, B., & Devereux, R. B. (2011) · Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.110.960112 · Cited by 50
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“Hispanic 131 (9) 346 (8) 185 (8) 552 (8) 316 (8) 705 (7)”
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“Both hypertension and diabetes are stronger risk factors for CHF for women, whereas prior myocardial infarction is a more important risk factor for men [7].”
Background
Dose–Response Relationship of Total and Leisure Time Physical Activity to Risk of Heart Failure
Andersen, K., Mariosa, D., Adami, H., Held, C., Ingelsson, E., Lagerros, Y. T., Nyrén, O., Ye, W., Bellocco, R., & Sundström, J. (2014) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.113.001010 · Cited by 47
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“Prevalence varies from 3 to 20 cases per 1000 to 100 per 1000 in subjects older than 65 [2–5].”
Background
A new approach to early diagnosis of congestive heart failure disease by using Hilbert–Huang transform
Altan, G., Kutlu, Y., & Allahverdi, N. (2016) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.09.003 · Cited by 47
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Newton, J. D., & Squire, I. B. (2006) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.080895 · Cited by 47
“These findings have clear implications for patients with CHF. Plasma glucose, measured soon after admission for the first time with CHF, provides powerful prognostic information irrespective of diabetic status. Even very mildly raised glucose (7.7–10 mmol/l) was associated with higher all-cause mortality in patients s…”
BackgroundInfluential
The Paradox of Obesity in Patients with Heart Failure
Hall, J. A., French, T. K., Rasmusson, K. D., Vesty, J. C., Roberts, C. A., Rimmasch, H. L., Kfoury, A. G., & Renlund, D. G. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2005.00084.x · Cited by 46
“Obesity is independently associated with HF and contributes to the development of additional HF risk factors, including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and diastolic filling abnormalities (Greenberg & Hermann, 2002; He et al., 2001; Kenchaiah et al., 2002; Kenchaiah, Gaziano, & Vasan, 2004; Koch & Sharma,…”
Background
Cardiovascular protective effects of nebivolol in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
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Relationship Between Overweight and Obesity With Hospitalization for Heart Failure in 20,985 Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
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“07 Duration present episode of AF (days) 34 (1-392) 31 (1-399) 0.”
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“Uncorrected obesity is believed to exacerbate cardiac defects, leading to heart failure and increased cardiac morbidity in obese individuals (6).”
Background
Effects of climate and fine particulate matter on hospitalizations and deaths for heart failure in elderly: A population-based cohort study
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Long-term outcomes of R-CEOP show curative potential in patients with DLBCL and a contraindication to anthracyclines
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“The risk of cardiotoxicity increases with age and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors such as a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, valvular heart disease, and obesity.(6) Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is cumulative and significantly increases above a lifetime doxorubicin dose of…”
Background
Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Heart Failure
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“Patients with type 2 diabetes have a high propensity to develop CHF [5], and”
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Burden of disease attributable to obesity and overweight in Korea
Park, J., Yoon, S.-J., Lee, H., Jo, H.-S., Lee, S. H., Kim, Y., Kim, Y., & Shin, Y. (2006) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803321 · Cited by 44
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“The major risk factors for the development of HF include coronary artery disease, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and valvular disease.(3) The Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE), in which more than 100 000 patients with acute decompensated HF were enrolled, provides evidence that a h…”
Background
Computational model predicts paracrine and intracellular drivers of fibroblast phenotype after myocardial infarction
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Morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients following cardiac transplantation
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Authors: He, J., Ogden, L. G., Bazzano, L. A., Vupputuri, S., Loria, C., & Whelton, P. K.
Affiliations: Tulane University (US)
Corresponding author: He, Jiang
ORCID: He, Jiang
Ogden, Lorraine G.
Bazzano, Lydia A.
Vupputuri, Suma
Loria, Catherine
Whelton, Paul K.
Venue: Archives of Internal Medicine
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2001-04-09
Volume: 161
Issue: 7
Pages: 996
ISSN: 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archinte.161.7.996
OpenAlex: W2025266397
Cited by: 1,172
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 66
FWCI: 17.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r03hl061954-02, 5r01hl060300-05)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R03 HL-61954, R01HL60300)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords: congestive heart failure, risk factors, attributable risk, incidence, sex differences, educational attainment, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, overweight, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, coronary revascularization, coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, coronary angiography
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Coronary Disease, Death Certificates, Educational Status, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Failure, Heart Valve Diseases, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Obesity, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Exercise, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Sex Distribution, Diabetes Complications

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Risk Factors for Congestive Heart Failure in US Men and Women: NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study

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