Cigarette Smoking and Sleep Disturbance
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Individuals with sleep complaints often exhibit unhealthy lifestyles, including obesity, excessive alcohol use, lack of physical exercise, and cigarette smoking. We sought to explore the relationship between cigarette smoking, poor sleep habits, and sleep complaints. Several lines of evidence suggest a relationship between cigarette smoking and sleep disturbance, including the effects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal on sleep, a tendency for nonsmokers to be more alert in the morning, an association between cigarette smoking and snoring, and a tendency for individuals who engage in one unhealthy behavior also to engage in others. METHOD: A total of 484 individuals aged 14 to 84 years completed a comprehensive sleep and health questionnaire. There were 99 high school students from grades 9 through 12 (45 boys and 54 girls, of whom 38 [38%] were smokers), who completed an in-class survey. In addition, 385 adults aged 20 to 84 years (122 men and 263 women, of whom 77 [20%] were smokers) from a random sample of 1000 completed a mail survey. The effects of age and smoking status on sleep, health, and daytime function were assessed by multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS: Cigarette smokers were significantly more likely than nonsmokers to report problems going to sleep, problems staying asleep, daytime sleepiness, minor accidents, depression, and high daily caffeine intake. CONCLUSION: Individuals with sleep complaints should be queried about tobacco use. Those who are smokers should be advised that there is a relationship between cigarette smoking and sleep disturbance.
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Both short and long sleep are associated with higher cigarette consumption.
“Short sleep is associated with current or former smoking status [31, 32] while both short and long sleep are associated with higher cigarette consumption [31, 33].”
From Smoking, screen-based sedentary behavior, and diet associated with habitual sleep duration and chronotype: data from the UK Biobank (2016) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Phillips, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Corresponding author
- Phillips, Barbara A.
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1995-04-10
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 734
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998674496
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, sleep disorders, nicotine, nicotine withdrawal, daytime sleepiness, snoring, sleep habits, tobacco use, caffeine consumption, depression, health behavior, adolescents, adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders, Smoking
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