Serotonin 2A Receptors and Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson Disease
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Complex visual hallucinations (VHs) occur in several pathologic conditions; however, the neural mechanisms underlying these symptoms remain unclear. Although dopamine may have a role, indirect evidence indicates that serotonin may also contribute to the pathogenesis of complex VHs, probably via involvement of the serotonin 2 receptor. OBJECTIVE: To examine for the first time in vivo changes in serotonin 2A receptor neurotransmission among patients having Parkinson disease (PD) with VHs. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Academic research. PATIENTS: Seven patients having PD with VHs and 7 age-matched patients having PD without VHs were recruited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We used the selective serotonin 2A receptor ligand setoperone F 18 during positron emission tomography among nondemented patients having PD with VHs. RESULTS: Patients having PD with VHs demonstrate increased serotonin 2A receptor binding in the ventral visual pathway (including the bilateral inferooccipital gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, and inferotemporal cortex) as well as the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, and insula. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study provides the first in vivo evidence suggesting a role for serotonin 2A receptors in mediating VHs via the ventral visual pathway in PD. Treatment studies should be performed using selective serotonin 2A receptor antagonists, which have important implications for the clinical management of VHs and psychosis in PD.
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The 5-HT2A receptor may be facilitating cortical disinhibition, consistent with previous proposals and studies showing 5-HT2A antagonists reducing psychosis-like symptoms.
“This finding may suggest that this receptor may be facilitating cortical disinhibition, consistent with previous proposals42,43 and studies showing 5-HT2A antagonists reducing psychosis-like symptoms20,42.”
From Deviations in effective connectivity explain different hallucination subtypes in Parkinson's disease psychosis (2026) · cites this paper as [43]
Exploratory analyses using PET receptor atlases revealed a positive correlation between cortical 5-HT2A receptor distribution and abnormal MMN source activity in PD-VH, consistent with the known role of serotonin in cortical disinhibition and psychosis.
“exploratory analyses using PET receptor atlases revealed a positive correlation between cortical 5-HT2A receptor distribution and abnormal MMN source activity in PD-VH, consistent with the known role of serotonin in cortical disinhibition53 and psychosis42,43”
From Deviations in effective connectivity explain different hallucination subtypes in Parkinson's disease psychosis (2026) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Ballanger, B., Strafella, A. P., van Eimeren, T., Zurowski, M., Rusjan, P. M., Houle, S., & Fox, S. H.
- Affiliations
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- Venue
- Archives of Neurology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2010-04-01
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 416-21
- ISSN
- 0003-9942 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026136738
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 9.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- 5-HT2A receptor, complex visual hallucinations, Parkinson's disease, ventral stream, serotonergic neurotransmission, dopamine, receptor binding imaging, prefrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, inferotemporal cortex
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Pilot Projects, Pyrimidinones, Serotonin, Serotonin Antagonists, Temporal Lobe, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Case-Control Studies, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Positron-Emission Tomography
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