Cited by 215Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressOphthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies

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Associations of Mortality With Ocular Disorders and an Interventionof High-Dose Antioxidants and Zinc in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 13

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AREDS Research Group·2004·Archives of Ophthalmology

DOI 10.1001/archopht.122.5.716PMC PMC1473208

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of ocular disorders and high doses of antioxidants or zinc with mortality in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). METHODS: Baseline fundus and lens photographs were used to grade the macular and lens status of AREDS participants. Participants were randomly assigned to receive oral supplements of high-dose antioxidants, zinc, antioxidants plus zinc, or placebo. Risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality was assessed using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: During median follow-up of 6.5 years, 534 (11%) of 4753 AREDS participants died. In fully adjusted models, participants with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared with participants with few, if any, drusen had increased mortality (relative risk [RR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.86). Advanced AMD was associated with cardiovascular deaths. Compared with participants having good acuity in both eyes, those with visual acuity worse than 20/40 in 1 eye had increased mortality (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12-1.65). Nuclear opacity (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12-1.75) and cataract surgery (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.18-2.05) were associated with increased all-cause mortality and with cancer deaths. Participants randomly assigned to receive zinc had lower mortality than those not taking zinc (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The decreased survival of AREDS participants with AMD and cataract suggests that these conditions may reflect systemic rather than only local processes. The improved survival in individuals randomly assigned to receive zinc requires further study.

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A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial of High-Dose Supplementation With Vitamins C and E, Beta Carotene, and Zinc for Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Vision Loss: AREDS Report No. 8
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Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences. Zinc. In: Dietary Ref- erence Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Io- dine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Wash- ington, DC: National Academy Press; 2002.

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Authors: AREDS Research Group
Affiliations: Emmes (United States) (US)
Corresponding author: AREDS Research Group
Venue: Archives of Ophthalmology
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2004-05-01
Volume: 122
Issue: 5
Pages: 716
ISSN: 0003-9950 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archopht.122.5.716
PMC: PMC1473208
OpenAlex: W1548644132
Cited by: 215
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 18.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Archives of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1z01ey000394-01)
National Eye Institute (Z01 EY000394-03)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Keywords: eye diseases, mortality, age-related macular degeneration, drusen, visual acuity, nuclear lens opacity, cataract surgery, cataract, antioxidants, zinc supplementation, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Cataract, Cataract Extraction, Cause of Death, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Vision Disorders, Vitamin E, Zinc Oxide, Survival Rate, Proportional Hazards Models, beta Carotene, Visually Impaired Persons, Persons with Visual Disabilities

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Associations of Mortality With Ocular Disorders and an Interventionof High-Dose Antioxidants and Zinc in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 13

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