Low zinc status: a new risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly?
Open accessAbstract
Low zinc status may be a risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly. This special article reviews the magnitude of the problem of pneumonia (its prevalence, morbidity, and mortality) in the elderly, pneumonia's etiology, and the dysregulation of the immune system associated with increasing age. In addition, recent evidence from the literature is presented demonstrating that low zinc status (commonly reported in the elderly) impairs immune function, decreases resistance to pathogens, and is associated with increased incidence and duration of pneumonia, increased use and duration of antimicrobial treatment, and increased overall mortality in the elderly. Inadequate stores of zinc might, therefore, be a risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly. Randomized, double-blind, controlled studies are needed to determine the efficacy of zinc supplementation as a potential low-cost intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia in this vulnerable population.
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In some studies, zinc deficiency in elderly individuals is associated with increased risk of pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Haemophilus influenzae.
“In some studies, zinc deficiency in elderly individuals is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Haemophilus influenzae (Barnett et al., 2010).”
From The Impact of Dietary Transition Metals on Host-Bacterial Interactions (2018) · cites this paper as Barnett et al., 2010
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Antigen presenting cell function is enhanced in healthy elderly
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The effect of aging on cognate function and development of immune memory
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Mocchegiani, E., Muzzioli, M., Gaetti, R., Veccia, S., Viticchi, C., & Scalise, G. (1999) · International Journal of Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0192-0561(99)00009-0 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nutritional considerations for healthy aging and reduction in age-related chronic disease
Shlisky, J., Bloom, D. E., Beaudreault, A. R., Tucker, K. L., Keller, H. H., Freund-Levi, Y., Fielding, R. A., Cheng, F. W., Jensen, G. L., Wu, D., et al. (2017) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.116.013474 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Impact of Dietary Transition Metals on Host-Bacterial Interactions
Lopez, C. A., & Skaar, E. P. (2018) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.008 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barnett, J. B., Hamer, D. H., & Meydani, S. N.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Meydani, Simin N
- Venue
- Nutrition Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 30-37
- ISSN
- 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
- 1753-4887
- PMC
- PMC2854541
- OpenAlex
- W2002028073
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (58-1950-9-001)
- National Institutes of Health (58-1950-9-001)
- National Institute on Aging (1R01-AG13975, 58-1950-9-001, R01AG013975)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- zinc deficiency, pneumonia, older adults, immune function, aging, zinc supplementation, antimicrobial therapy, mortality, micronutrient status
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Deficiency Diseases, Humans, Nutritional Status, Pneumonia, Risk Factors, Zinc, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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