Vitamin E and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
The current analysis reexamines the relationship between supplemental vitamin E and all-cause mortality. All randomized, controlled trials testing the treatment effect of vitamin E supplementation in adults for at least one year were sought. MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and Biological Abstracts databases were searched using the terms "vitamin E," "alpha-tocopherol," "antioxidants," "clinical trial," and "controlled trial" for studies published through April 2010; results were limited to English, German, or Spanish language articles. Studies were also obtained through reference mining. All randomized controlled trials using vitamin E, with a supplementation period of at least one year, to prevent or treat disease in adults were identified and abstracted independently by two raters. Mortality data from trials with a supplementation period of at least one year were pooled. The selected trials (n = 57) were published between 1988 and 2009. Sample sizes range from 28 to 39,876 (median = 423), yielding 246,371 subjects and 29,295 all-cause deaths. Duration of supplementation for the 57 trials range from one to 10.1 years (median = 2.6 years). A random effects meta-analysis produce an overall risk ratio of 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.02); additional analyses suggest no relationship between dose and risk of mortality. Based on the present meta-analysis, supplementation with vitamin E appears to have no effect on all-cause mortality at doses up to 5,500 IU/d.
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High concentrations of vitamin E have been shown to be deleterious for health.
“However, as with all vitamins and nutrients, it is important to not surpass recommended doses, as high concentrations of vitamin E have been shown to be deleterious for health144.”
From Key points for the development of antioxidant cocktails to prevent cellular stress and damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during manned space missions (2021) · cites this paper as [144]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says this meta-analysis found no increased risk of all-cause mortality, including in its dose analyses. It reports an earlier finding of a small mortality increase above 400 IU, but also describes conflicting analyses; it does not establish that high concentrations are deleterious to health. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Majumdar, A., Verbeek, J., & Tsochatzis, E. A. (2021) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2021.09.007 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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Vitamin E: Not only a single stereoisomer
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- Authors
- L. Abner, E., A. Schmitt, F., S. Mendiondo, M., L. Marcum, J., & J. Kryscio, R.
- Venue
- Current Aging Sciencee
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2011-07-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 158-170
- ISSN
- 1874-6098 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4030744
- OpenAlex
- W2097034899
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Current Aging Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG019241, P30AG028383)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Keywords
- vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin E supplementation, all-cause mortality, antioxidants, dose-response relationship, randomized controlled trials, mortality risk
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Cause of Death, Humans, Longevity, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Vitamin E, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Dietary Supplements
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