Projection of Diabetic Retinopathy and Other Major Eye Diseases Among People With Diabetes Mellitus: United States, 2005-2050
Abstract
Objectives To estimate the number of people with diabetic retinopathy (DR), vision-threatening DR (VTDR), glaucoma, and cataracts among Americans 40 years or older with diagnosed diabetes mellitus for the years 2005-2050. Methods Using published prevalence data of DR, VTDR, glaucoma, and cataracts and data from the National Health Interview Survey and the US Census Bureau, we projected the number of Americans with diabetes with these eye conditions. Results The number of Americans 40 years or older with DR and VTDR will triple in 2050, from 5.5 million in 2005 to 16.0 million for DR and from 1.2 million in 2005 to 3.4 million for VTDR. Increases among those 65 years or older will be more pronounced (2.5 million to 9.9 million for DR and 0.5 million to 1.9 million for VTDR). The number of cataract cases among whites and blacks 40 years or older with diabetes will likely increase 235% by 2050, and the number of glaucoma cases among Hispanics with diabetes 65 years or older will increase 12-fold. Conclusion Future increases in the number of Americans with diabetes will likely lead to significant increases in the number with DR, glaucoma, and cataracts. Our projections may help policy makers anticipate future demands for health care resources and possibly guide the development of targeted interventions. Clinical relevance Efforts to prevent diabetes and to optimally manage diabetes and its complications are needed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In 2018, the US FDA granted De Novo authorization to IDx-DR (now LumineticsCore) as the first autonomous AI-based diagnostic system for diabetic retinopathy testing.
“In 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted De Novo authorization to IDx-DR (now rebranded as LumineticsCore) (Digital Diagnostics Inc) as the first autonomous AI-based diagnostic system for diabetic retinopathy (DR) testing,2”
From Autonomous Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Retinopathy Testing—Lessons Learned on Successful Health System Adoption (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
In April 2018, the US FDA cleared the first generation of IDx-DR through the De Novo premarket review pathway as a class II medical device.
“In April 2018, the US FDA cleared the first generation of IDx-DR through the De Novo premarket review pathway as a class II medical device.”
From Autonomous Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Retinopathy Testing—Lessons Learned on Successful Health System Adoption (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
IDx-DR received the first ever FDA clearance for an autonomous AI algorithm.
“and the first ever FDA clearance for an autonomous AI algorithm.”
From Autonomous Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Retinopathy Testing—Lessons Learned on Successful Health System Adoption (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
Cites
Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health
UNSPECIFIED (2000) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e319432004-001 · Cited by 2,170 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Adults in the United States
Kempen, J. H., O'Colmain, B. J., Leske, M. C., Sm, H., Klein, R., Moss, S. E., Taylor, H. R., & Hamman, R. F. (2004) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.122.4.552 · Cited by 1,151 · see citing works
Fong, D. S., Aiello, L. P., Gardner, T. W., King, G. L., Blankenship, G. W., Cavallerano, J. D., Ferris, F. L., & Klein, R. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2007.s84 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
Prevalence of Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Adults in the United States
The Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group* (2004) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.122.4.532 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
Projection of Diabetes Burden Through 2050
Boyle, J. P., Honeycutt, A. A., Narayan, K. M. V., Hoerger, T. J., Geiss, L. S., Chen, H., & Thompson, T. J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.11.1936 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
A Diabetes Report Card for the United States: Quality of Care in the 1990s
Saaddine, J., Engelgau, M., Beckles, G., Gregg, E., Thompson, T., & Narayan, K. M. V. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00005 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Economic Burden of Major Adult Visual Disorders in the United States
Rein, D. B. (2006) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.124.12.1754 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Impact of Recent Increase in Incidence on Future Diabetes Burden
Narayan, K. M. V., Boyle, J. P., Geiss, L. S., Saaddine, J. B., & Thompson, T. J. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1136 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of Cataract and Pseudophakia/Aphakia Among Adults in theUnited States
Congdon, N. G., Vingerling, J. R., Klein, R., West, S. K., Friedman, D. S., Kempen, J. H., O'Colmain, B. J., Wu, S., & Taylor, H. R. (2004) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.122.4.487 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Improvements in Diabetes Processes of Care and Intermediate Outcomes: United States, 1988–2002
SAADDINE, J. B., Cadwell, B. L., Gregg, E. W., Engelgau, M. M., Vinicor, F., Imperatore, G., & Narayan, K. M. V. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-7-200604040-00005 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Self-citationCost-Effectiveness of Detecting and Treating Diabetic Retinopathy
Javitt, J. C., & Aiello, L. P. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_part_2-199601011-00017 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Open-angle Glaucoma and Diabetes
Mitchell, P., Smith, W. T., Chey, T., & Healey, P. R. (1997) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(97)30247-4 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Decreasing Incidence of Severe Diabetic Microangiopathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Hovind, P. H., Tarnow, L., Rossing, K., Rossing, P. R., Eising, S., Larsen, N., Binder, C., & Parving, H. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1258 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Javitt, J. C., Aiello, L. P., Chiang, Y.-P., Ferris, F. L., Canner, J. K., & Greenfield, S. (1994) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.17.8.909 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Open-angle Glaucoma and Older-onset Diabetes
Klein, R., Klein, R., & Jensen, S. C. (1994) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(94)31191-2 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Klein, R., Klein, R., & Lee, K. E. (1998) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00280-3 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Ophthalmic Examination Among Adults With Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus
Brechner, R. J. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510140074032 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Open-angle Glaucoma
Chopra, V., Varma, R., Francis, B. A., Wu, J., Torres, M., & Azen, S. P. (2007) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.04.049 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Senile Lens Changes and Diabetes in two Population Studies
Ederer, F., Hiller, R., & Taylor, H. R. (1981) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(81)90293-2 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Older-onset diabetes and lens opacities. The Beaver Dam Eye Study
Klein, R., Klein, R., Wang, Q., & Moss, S. E. (1995) · Ophthalmic Epidemiology · doi:10.3109/09286589509071451 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Diabetes, hypertension, and central obesity as cataract risk factors in a black population
Leske, M. C., Wu, S., Hennis, A. J. M., Connell, A. M. S., Hyman, L., & SCHACHAT, A. P. (1999) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(99)90003-9 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Diabetes, fasting blood glucose and age-related cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study
Rowe, N. A., Mitchell, P., Cumming, R. G., & Wans, J. J. (2000) · Ophthalmic Epidemiology · doi:10.1076/0928-6586(200006)721-zft103 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Zhang, X. (2007) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.125.3.411 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
A Dynamic Markov Model for Forecasting Diabetes Prevalence in the United States through 2050
Honeycutt, A., Boyle, J. P., Broglio, K. R., Thompson, T. J., Hoerger, T. J., Geiss, L. S., & Narayan, K. M. V. (2003) · Health Care Management Science · doi:10.1023/a:1024467522972 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
LeCaire, T. J., Palta, M., Zhang, H., Allen, C. I., Klein, R., & D'Alessio, D. J. (2006) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj166 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Tierney, E. F., Geiss, L. S., Engelgau, M. M., Thompson, T. J., Schaubert, D. R., Shireley, L. A., Vukelic, P. J., & McDonough, S. L. (2001) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.91.1.84 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Older adults, diabetes mellitus and visual acuity: a community-based case-control study
Sinclair, A. J. (2000) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/29.4.335 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Trends in Care Practices and Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries with Diabetes
Kuo, S., Fleming, B. B., Gittings, N. S., Han, L., Geiss, L. S., Engelgau, M. M., & ROMAN, S. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.010 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND THE RISK OF OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA: THE LOS ANGELES LATINO EYE STUDY
Fellman, R. L. (2008) · Evidence-Based Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/ieb.0b013e31817d89c9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Declining Mortality Rate Among People With Diabetes in North Dakota, 1997–2002
Tierney, E. F., Cadwell, B. L., Engelgau, M. M., Shireley, L. A., Parsons, S. L., Moum, K., & Geiss, L. S. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2723 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Cost-Effectiveness of Detecting and Treating Diabetic Retinopathy
Javitt, J. C., & Aiello, L. P. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-11-199612010-00020 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Cadwell, B. L., Boyle, J. P., Tierney, E. F., & Thompson, T. J. (2007) · Health Care Management Science · doi:10.1007/s10729-007-9016-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Correctable Visual Impairment Among Persons With Diabetes—United States, 1999-2004
(2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.1.34 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cheung, N., Mitchell, P., & Wong, T. Y. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)62124-3 · Cited by 3,288 · see citing works
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the United States, 2005-2008
Zhang, X., Saaddine, J. B., Chou, C.-F., Cotch, M. F., Cheng, Y. J., Geiss, L. S., Gregg, E. W., Albright, A. L., Klein, B. E. K., & Klein, R. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1111 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Self-citationThe global burden of diabetes and its complications: an emerging pandemic
van Dieren, S., Beulens, J. W. J., van der Schouw, Y. T., Grobbee, D. E., & Neal, B. C. (2010) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000368191.86614.5a · Cited by 874 · see citing works
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Prospective Pilot Study
Ishibazawa, A., Nagaoka, T., Takahashi, A., Omae, T., Tani, T., Sogawa, K., Yokota, H., & Yoshida, A. (2015) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2015.04.021 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Agemy, S. A., Scripsema, N. K., Shah, C. M., Chui, T. Y. P., Garcia, P., Lee, J. G., Gentile, R. C., Hsiao, Y.-S., Zhou, Q., Ko, T. H., et al. (2015) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0000000000000862 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Song, P., Yu, J., Chan, K. Y., Τheodoratou, E., & Rudan, I. (2018) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.08.010803 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the US in 2021
Lundeen, E. A., Burke-Conte, Z., Rein, D. B., Wittenborn, J. S., Saaddine, J., Lee, A. Y., & Flaxman, A. D. (2023) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.2289 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationUji, A., Murakami, T., Nishijima, K., Akagi, T., Horii, T., Arakawa, N., Muraoka, Y., Ellabban, A. A., & Yoshimura, N. (2011) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2011.08.041 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Patel, S. R., Berezovsky, D. E., McCarey, B. E., Zarnitsyn, V. G., Edelhauser, H. F., & Prausnitz, M. R. (2012) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.12-9872 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Al‐Sheikh, M., Akıl, H., Pfau, M., & Sadda, S. R. (2016) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.16-19570 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Animal Models of Diabetic Retinopathy: Summary and Comparison
Lai, A. K. W., & Lo, A. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2013/106594 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Hendrick, A. M., Gibson, M. V., & Kulshreshtha, A. (2015) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.05.005 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Activation of Nrf2 signaling by natural products-can it alleviate diabetes?
Matzinger, M., Fischhuber, K., & Heiß, E. H. (2017) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.015 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Stem, M. S., & Gardner, T. W. (2013) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/09298673113209990027 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Owsley, C. J. (2016) · Annual Review of Vision Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-vision-111815-114550 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Validating Retinal Fundus Image Analysis Algorithms: Issues and a Proposal
Trucco, E., Ruggeri, A., Karnowski, T. P., Giancardo, L., Chaum, E., Hubschman, J., Al-Diri, B., Cheung, C. Y.-L., Wong, D. W. K., Abràmoff, M. D., et al. (2013) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10347 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Vujosevic, S., Benetti, E., Massignan, F., Pilotto, E., Varano, M., Cavarzeran, F., Avogaro, A., & Midena, E. (2009) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2009.02.031 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Avidor, D., Loewenstein, A., Waisbourd, M., & Nutman, A. (2020) · Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation · doi:10.1186/s12962-020-00211-1 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Intravitreal hydrogels for sustained release of therapeutic proteins
Ilochonwu, B. C., Urtti, A. O., Hennink, W. E., & Vermonden, T. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.031 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Injectable hydrogels for ophthalmic applications
Wang, K., & Han, Z. (2017) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.031 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic retinopathy
Bandello, F. M., Lattanzio, R., Zucchiatti, I., & Turco, C. D. (2012) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-012-0449-3 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Aging, Diabetes, and the Public Health System in the United States
Caspersen, C. J., Thomas, G. D., Boseman, L. A., Beckles, G. L., & Albright, A. L. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300616 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Alterations to the Blood–Retinal Barrier in Diabetes: Cytokines and Reactive Oxygen Species
Frey, T., & Antonetti, D. A. (2011) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2011.3906 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Safwat, A. M., Sabry, D., Ragiae, A., Amer, E., Mahmoud, R., & Shamardan, R. (2018) · Journal of Circulating Biomarkers · doi:10.1177/1849454418807827 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Diabetes microvascular complications—A clinical update
Khalil, H. (2016) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.12.022 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Jani, P. D., Forbes, L., Choudhury, A., Preisser, J. S., Viera, A. J., & Garg, S. (2017) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.1150 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Fu, Y., Hallman, D. M., González, V. H., Klein, R., Klein, R., Hayes, M. G., Cox, N. J., Bell, G. I., & Hanis, C. L. (2010) · Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1155/2010/861291 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Man, R. E. K., Sabanayagam, C., Chiang, P. P.-C., Li, L., Noonan, J. E., Wang, J. J., Wong, T. Y., Cheung, C. M. G., Tan, G. S. W., & Lamoureux, E. L. (2015) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.5103 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
MicroRNAs: potential mediators and biomarkers of diabetic complications
Kato, M. V., Castro, N., & Natarajan, R. D. (2013) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.009 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Cerium oxide and platinum nanoparticles protect cells from oxidant-mediated apoptosis
Clark, A. J., Zhu, A., Sun, K., & Petty, H. R. (2011) · Journal of Nanoparticle Research · doi:10.1007/s11051-011-0544-3 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Telehealth Practice Recommendations for Diabetic Retinopathy, Second Edition
Li, H. K., Horton, M. B., Bursell, S., Cavallerano, J. D., Zimmer-Galler, I. E., Tennant, M., Abràmoff, M. D., Chaum, E., DeBuc, D. C., Leonard-Martin, T., et al. (2011) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2011.0075 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Chan, C., Huang, D., Huang, Y., Hsu, S., Kang, L., Shen, C., & Lin, W. (2016) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.12893 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Diabetes Eye Screening in Urban Settings Serving Minority Populations
Owsley, C. J., McGwin, G., Lee, D. J., Lam, B. L., Friedman, D. S., Gower, E. W., Haller, J. A., Hark, L. A., & SAADDINE, J. B. (2014) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.4652 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationIncidence of Blindness and Severe Visual Impairment in Germany: Projections for 2030
Finger, R. P., Fimmers, R., Holz, F. G., & Scholl, H. P. N. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6987 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Drug safety data mining with a tree‐based scan statistic
Kulldorff, M., Dashevsky, I., Avery, T. R., Chan, K. A., Davis, R. L., Graham, D. J., Platt, R. G., Andrade, S. E., Boudreau, D. M., Gunter, M. J., et al. (2013) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.3423 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Keenum, Z., McGwin, G., Witherspoon, C. D., Haller, J. A., Clark, M. E., & Owsley, C. J. (2016) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.3081 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Evaluation of Automated Teleretinal Screening Program for Diabetic Retinopathy
Walton, O. B., Garoon, R. B., Weng, C. Y., Gross, J. B., Young, A. K., Camero, K. A., Jin, H. D., Carvounis, P. E., Coffee, R. E., & Chu, Y. I. (2015) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.5083 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetes
Lee, J. H., & Rosen, R. B. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0811-x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Fathy, C., Patel, S., Sternberg, P., & Kohanim, S. (2016) · Seminars in Ophthalmology · doi:10.3109/08820538.2016.1154170 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
An Integrated Approach to Diabetic Retinopathy Research
Gardner, T. W. (2011) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.362 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation of Dexamethasone—PAMAM Dendrimer Complexes for Retinal Drug Delivery
Yavuz, B., Pehlivan, S. B., Vural, İ., & Ünlü, N. (2015) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.24588 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Transfer Learning based Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy from Small DatasetPreprint
Hagos, M. T., & Kant, S. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1905.07203 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
MicroRNAs and Diabetic Complications
Natarajan, R. D., Putta, S., & Kato, M. V. (2012) · Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s12265-012-9368-5 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Epigenetic regulation of redox signaling in diabetic retinopathy: Role of Nrf2
Kowluru, R. A., & Mishra, M. (2016) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.030 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Disparities in Adult Vision Health in the United States
Zambelli-Weiner, A., Crews, J. E., & Friedman, D. S. (2012) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2012.03.018 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Advanced glycation end products and diabetic retinopathy
Milne, R. W., & Brownstein, S. (2011) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1071-3 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Tremolada, G., Turco, C. D., Lattanzio, R., Maestroni, S., Maestroni, A., Bandello, F. M., & Zerbini, G. (2012) · Experimental Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2012/728325 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Kloosterboer, A., Yannuzzi, N. A., Patel, N. A., Kuriyan, A. E., & Sridhar, J. S. (2019) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3116 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Jacot, J. L., & Sherris, D. (2011) · Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1155/2011/589813 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Yokoyama, H., Oishi, M., Takamura, H., Yamasaki, K., Shirabe, S., Uchida, D., Sugimoto, H., Kurihara, Y., Araki, S., & Maegawa, H. (2016) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000294 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Guo, C., Li, M., Qi, X., Lin, G., Cui, F., Li, F., & Wu, X. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep29753 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Non-adherence to eye care in people with diabetes
Murchison, A. P., Hark, L. A., Pizzi, L. T., Dai, Y., Mayro, E. L., Storey, P. P., Leiby, B. E., & Haller, J. A. (2017) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000333 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Anti-VEGF Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema
Stewart, M. W. (2014) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-014-0510-4 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Keane, P. A., Grossi, C. M., Foster, P. J., Yang, Q., Reisman, C. A., Chan, K., Pető, T., Thomas, D., & Patel, P. J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164095 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Intravitreal Injection of Exendin-4 Analogue Protects Retinal Cells in Early Diabetic Rats
Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, Q., Lei, X., Chu, Q., Xu, G.-T., & Ye, W. (2010) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4727 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Yin, Y., Chen, F., Wang, W., Wang, H., & Zhang, X. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Sjølie, A. K., Klein, R., Porta, M., Orchard, T. J., Fuller, J., Parving, H.-H., Bilous, R., Aldington, S. J., & Chaturvedi, N. (2010) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03210.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Crews, J. E., Chou, C., Zhang, X., Zack, M. M., & SAADDINE, J. B. (2014) · Ophthalmic Epidemiology · doi:10.3109/09286586.2014.926556 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationHutton, D. W., Newman-Casey, P. A., Tavag, M., Zacks, D. N., & Stein, J. D. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0832 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Vitreous biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
McAuley, A. K., Sanfilippo, P. G., Hewitt, A. W., Liang, H. H., Lamoureux, E. L., Wang, J. J., & Connell, P. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.09.010 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Soliman, A. Z., Silva, P. S., Aiello, L. P., & Sun, J. K. (2012) · Seminars in Ophthalmology · doi:10.3109/08820538.2012.708812 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Tyagi, P., Kadam, R. S., & Kompella, U. B. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048188 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Shi, D., Chen, P., Yu, Y., Yang, L., & Xie, L. (2013) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12091 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
3-DOF Force-Sensing Motorized Micro-Forceps for Robot-Assisted Vitreoretinal Surgery
Gonenc, B., Chamani, A., Handa, J. T., Gehlbach, P. L., Taylor, R. H., & Iordachita, I. I. (2017) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2017.2694965 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Screening intervals for diabetic retinopathy and incidence of visual loss: a systematic review
Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ali, M. K., Roglić, G., Hayward, R. A., & Narayan, K. M. V. (2013) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12274 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Fenofibrate and Diabetic Retinopathy
Knickelbein, J. E., Abbott, A. B., & Chew, E. Y. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0786-7 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Barriers to and Facilitators of Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Utilization in a High-Risk Population
Fairless, E. A., & Nwanyanwu, K. H. (2019) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-019-00627-3 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gildea, D. (2018) · International Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s10792-018-1034-8 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Methylglyoxal in diabetes: link to treatment, glycaemic control and biomarkers of complications
Beisswenger, P. J. (2014) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20130275 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
NOD-like Receptors in the Eye: Uncovering Its Role in Diabetic Retinopathy
Lim, R. R., Wieser, M. E., Ganga, R., Barathi, V. A., Lakshminarayanan, R., Mohan, R. R., Hainsworth, D. P., & Chaurasia, S. S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21030899 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Yokoyama, H., Araki, S., Kawai, K., Yamazaki, K., Tomonaga, O., Shirabe, S., & Maegawa, H. (2018) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000521 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Hashemi, H., Rezvan, F., Pakzad, R., Ansaripour, A., Heydarian, S., Yekta, A., Ostadimoghaddam, H., Pakbin, M., & Khabazkhoob, M. (2019) · Seminars in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1080/08820538.2021.1962920 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Lundeen, E. A., Andes, L. J., Rein, D. B., Wittenborn, J. S., Erdem, E., Gu, Q., SAADDINE, J. B., Imperatore, G., & Chew, E. Y. (2022) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.0052 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors Contributing to Diabetes Patients Not Receiving Annual Dilated Eye Examinations
Paksin-Hall, A., Dent, M. L., Dong, F. F., & Ablah, E. A. (2013) · Ophthalmic Epidemiology · doi:10.3109/09286586.2013.789531 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
DeBuc, D. C. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0827-2 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Li, Y., Chen, D., Sun, L., Wu, Y., Zou, Y., Chen, L., Bao, Y., Yi, J., Zhang, Y., Hou, J., et al. (2019) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.19-26767 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Lam, B. L., Christ, S. L., Zheng, D. D., West, S. K., Muñoz, B. E., Swenor, B. K., & Lee, D. J. (2012) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10542 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Targeting neovascularization in ischemic retinopathy: recent advances
Al‐Shabrawey, M., El‐Sherbiny, M., Nussbaum, J. J., Othman, A., Megyerdi, S., & Tawfik, A. M. (2013) · Expert Review of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1586/eop.13.17 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Wang, L., Guo, H., Peng, Y., Nie, D., Mo, J., & Ye, L. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109699 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Boneva, S., Wolf, J., Hajdú, R. I., Prinz, G., Salié, H., Schlecht, A., Killmer, S., Laich, Y., Faatz, H., Lommatzsch, A. P., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.757607 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hazin, R., Colyer, M. H., Lum, F., & Barazi, M. K. (2011) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2011.06.022 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Gene therapy for diabetic retinopathy: Are we ready to make the leap from bench to bedside?
Wang, J.-H., Ling, D. L., Tu, L., van Wijngaarden, P., Dusting, G. J., & Liu, G. (2017) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.01.003 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Older Adults With Low Vision
Kaldenberg, J., & Smallfield, S. (2020) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2020.742003 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sharma, S., Purohit, S. B., Sharma, A., Hopkins, D., Steed, L., Bode, B. W., Anderson, S. W., Caldwell, R. B., & She, J. (2015) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2015/279393 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Role of MicroRNAs in Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Vascular Complications
Banerjee, J., Nema, V., Dhas, Y., & Mishra, N. (2017) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.007 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Lee, D. J., Kumar, N., Feuer, W. J., Chou, C., Rosa, P. R., Schiffman, J., Morante, A., Aldahan, A. S., Staropoli, P. C., Fernandez, C. A., et al. (2014) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2014-000031 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Tromsø eye study: prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy
Bertelsen, G., Pető, T., Lindekleiv, H., Schirmer, H., Solbu, M. D., Toft, I., Sjølie, A. K., & Njølstad, I. (2012) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2012.02542.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Retinal Image Quality Analysis for Automatic Diabetic Retinopathy Detection
Pires, R., Jelinek, H. F., Wainer, J., & Rocha, A. D. R. (2012) · SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI) · doi:10.1109/sibgrapi.2012.39 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Social determinants of health impacting adherence to diabetic retinopathy examinations
Cai, C. X., Li, Y., Zeger, S. L., & McCarthy, M. L. (2021) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002374 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Lim, L. L., Morrison, J. L., Constantinou, M., Rogers, S., Sandhu, S. S., Wickremasinghe, S., Kawasaki, R., & Al‐Qureshi, S. (2016) · Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1111/ceo.12720 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Schrufer, T. L., Antonetti, D. A., Sonenberg, N., Kimball, S. R., Gardner, T. W., & Jefferson, L. S. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0148 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Chiang, P. P., Lamoureux, E. L., Cheung, C. Y.-L., Sabanayagam, C., Wong, W., Tai, E. S., Lee, J., & Wong, T. Y. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7698 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Role of Systemic Risk Factors in Diabetic Retinopathy
Atchison, E. A., & Barkmeier, A. J. (2016) · Current Ophthalmology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40135-016-0098-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Gandhi, T. K. B., Kulkarni, M., Ho, S. Y., Boey, A., Chua, E., Barathi, V. A., Carney, T. J., Wang, X., & Hong, W. (2017) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m117.794743 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Current Approaches to the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Oedema
Boscia, F. (2010) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/11538130-000000000-00000 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Glucose variability and inner retinal sensory neuropathy in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Stem, M. S., Dunbar, G. E., Jackson, G. R., Farsiu, S., Pop‐Busui, R., & Gardner, T. W. (2016) · Eye · doi:10.1038/eye.2016.48 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Lupidi, M., COSCAS, G. J., Coscas, F., Fiore, T., Spaccini, E., Fruttini, D., & Cagini, C. (2017) · Ophthalmic Research · doi:10.1159/000471885 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Global burden and gender disparity of vision loss associated with diabetes retinopathy
Xu, Y., Wang, A., Lin, X., Xu, J., Shan, Y., Pan, X., Ye, J., & Shan, P. (2020) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.14644 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hadziahmetovic, M., Nicholas, P., Jindal, S., Mettu, P. S., & Cousins, S. W. (2019) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.1203 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Sharma, A., Sharma, P., & Roy, S. (2021) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/d0sm02202k · Cited by 44 · see citing works
- Authors
- Saaddine, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Saaddine, Jinan B.
- ORCID
- Saaddine, Jinan B.
- Venue
- Archives of Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2008-12-08
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1740
- ISSN
- 0003-9950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042363066
- Cited by
- 377
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 18.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- Keywords
- diabetic retinopathy, vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, cataract, diabetes mellitus, older adults, racial and ethnic disparities, diabetes complications
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cataract, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy, Ethnicity, Female, Forecasting, Glaucoma, Health Services Research, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Prevalence, Databases, Factual, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
