The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Population-Based Twin Study of Lifetime Major Depression in Men and Women
Abstract
Background Women report higher rates of major depression (MD) than men. Although genetic factors play an important etiologic role in MD, we are uncertain whether genetic factors are of equal importance in men and women, and whether the same genetic factors predispose men and women to MD. Methods We obtained, by telephone interview, a lifetime history of MD, defined by the DSM-III-R, from 3790 complete male-male, female-female, and male-female twin pairs, identified through a population-based registry. Results were analyzed using probandwise concordance, odds ratios, and biometrical twin modeling. Results The odds ratios (plus tetrachoric correlations) for lifetime MD were as follows: (1) male-male monozygotic, 3.29 (+0.37); (2) male-male dizygotic, 1.86 (+0.20); (3) female-female monozygotic, 3.02 (+0.39); (4) female-female dizygotic, 1.59 (+0.18); and (5) male-female dizygotic, 1.39 (+0.11). In the best-fitting twin model, the heritability of liability to MD was the same in men and women and equal to 39%, while the remaining 61% of the variance in liability was due to individual-specific environment. We rejected, with only modest confidence, the hypothesis that the genetic risk factors for MD were the same in men and women. The best-fitting model estimated the genetic correlation in the liability to MD in the 2 sexes to be +0.57. While we found no evidence to suggest a violation of the equal environment assumption, MD was less common in women from opposite-sex vs same-sex tw…
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“Zygosity was determined by discriminate function analyses using “twin questions” validated against DNA genotyping.28”
From Dependent Stressful Life Events and Prior Depressive Episodes in the Prediction of Major Depression (2010) · cites this paper as [28]
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Heritability: Genes × Environment
Sunzeri, F. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14465-2_9
Sunzeri, F. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14465-2_26
Sunzeri, F. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14465-2_1
A rare-variant analysis of FADS -related metabolites in Major DepressionPreprint
Nisbet, L., Davyson, E., Beaumont, R., Tyrrell, J., Shen, X., & McIntosh, A. M. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.26364222
Pugh, K. L. (2009) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/m8sc-ex86
Nobile, M. (2012) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20121011mn
Vulnerability to depression and cognitive bias modification
Chan, S. W. Y. (2012) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)
Genetik bei psychischen Erkrankungen
Maier, W., & Rujescu, D. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03637-8_5
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kendler, K. S., & Prescott, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1999-01-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060606855
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 13.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k05mh001277-05, MH-40828)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH/AA 49492, MH-01277, R01MH040828, MH 40828)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, heritability, genetic risk factors, sex differences, monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, genetic correlation, environmental factors, twin concordance, sex differences in gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Depressive Disorder, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Genetic, Registries, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Virginia, Sex Distribution, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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