Cited by 512Genetic Associations and EpidemiologyTreatment of Major DepressionNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

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A Population-Based Twin Study of Lifetime Major Depression in Men and Women

Kendler, Kenneth S., Prescott, Carol A.·1999·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.56.1.39

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Abstract

Background Women report higher rates of major depression (MD) than men. Although genetic factors play an important etiologic role in MD, we are uncertain whether genetic factors are of equal importance in men and women, and whether the same genetic factors predispose men and women to MD. Methods We obtained, by telephone interview, a lifetime history of MD, defined by the DSM-III-R, from 3790 complete male-male, female-female, and male-female twin pairs, identified through a population-based registry. Results were analyzed using probandwise concordance, odds ratios, and biometrical twin modeling. Results The odds ratios (plus tetrachoric correlations) for lifetime MD were as follows: (1) male-male monozygotic, 3.29 (+0.37); (2) male-male dizygotic, 1.86 (+0.20); (3) female-female monozygotic, 3.02 (+0.39); (4) female-female dizygotic, 1.59 (+0.18); and (5) male-female dizygotic, 1.39 (+0.11). In the best-fitting twin model, the heritability of liability to MD was the same in men and women and equal to 39%, while the remaining 61% of the variance in liability was due to individual-specific environment. We rejected, with only modest confidence, the hypothesis that the genetic risk factors for MD were the same in men and women. The best-fitting model estimated the genetic correlation in the liability to MD in the 2 sexes to be +0.57. While we found no evidence to suggest a violation of the equal environment assumption, MD was less common in women from opposite-sex vs same-sex tw…

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Authors: Kendler, K. S., & Prescott, C. A.
Affiliations: Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
ORCID: Kendler, Kenneth S.
Prescott, Carol A.
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1999-01-01
Volume: 56
Issue: 1
Pages: 39
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.56.1.39
OpenAlex: W2060606855
Cited by: 512
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 13.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k05mh001277-05, MH-40828)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH/AA 49492, MH-01277, R01MH040828, MH 40828)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: major depressive disorder, heritability, genetic risk factors, sex differences, monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, genetic correlation, environmental factors, twin concordance, sex differences in gene expression
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Depressive Disorder, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Genetic, Registries, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Virginia, Sex Distribution, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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A Population-Based Twin Study of Lifetime Major Depression in Men and Women

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