Brain Anatomy in Adults With Velocardiofacial Syndrome With and WithoutSchizophrenia: Preliminary Results of a Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Abstract
CONTEXT: Velocardiofacial syndrome is associated with interstitial deletions of chromosome 22q11, mild to borderline learning disability, characteristic dysmorphology, and a high prevalence of schizophrenia. The biological basis for this increased risk for schizophrenia is unknown, but people with velocardiofacial syndrome may have genetically determined differences in brain anatomy that predispose to the development of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are differences in brain structure between subjects with velocardiofacial syndrome with and without schizophrenia. DESIGN: A cross-sectional quantitative structural magnetic resonance imaging study in 39 adult subjects. SETTING: Referrals were made through medical genetics clinics and psychiatric services throughout the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen subjects with velocardiofacial syndrome and schizophrenia, 12 with velocardiofacial syndrome without history of a psychosis, and 14 healthy controls volunteered to participate after screening for eligibility. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total and regional brain volumes were analyzed by means of manual tracing, and gray- and white-matter densities were obtained by computerized voxel-based methods. RESULTS: People with velocardiofacial syndrome and schizophrenia, compared with both controls and nonschizophrenic patients with velocardiofacial syndrome, had a significant (P<.05) reduction in volume of whole-brain (white + gray) matter and whole-brain white matter, and an increase in total and sulcal cerebrospinal fluid volume. Both velocardiofacial syndrome groups had a reduced cerebellar volume compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Within velocardiofacial syndrome, schizophrenia is associated with generalized differences in brain anatomy, but white matter may be particularly implicated. Studies with larger samples are needed to replicate our findings.
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Imaging studies in 22q11.2 syndrome have revealed smaller brain volume, decreased cortical thickness in the superior parietal, right parietooccipital and inferior frontal gyrus, heterotopias and fewer gyri, and reduced volume in the hippocampus, cerebellum and amygdala, some of which varies based on the presence of schizophrenia or cognitive deficits.
“Imaging studies in 22q11.2 syndrome have revealed smaller brain volume [361], decreased cortical thickness in the superior parietal, right parietooccipital and inferior frontal gyrus, heterotopias and fewer gyri [27, 193, 314], and reduced volume in the hippocampus [84, 85], cerebellum [49] and amygdala [85], some of which varies based on the presence of schizophrenia or cognitive deficits [20, 31”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [361]
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- Authors
- van Amelsvoort, T., Daly, E., Henry, J., Robertson, D., Ng, V., Owen, M., Murphy, K. C., & Murphy, D. G. M.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2004-11-01
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1085
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1980612705
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, schizophrenia, brain structure, white matter, gray matter, cerebrospinal fluid volume, cerebellar volume, brain atrophy, schizophrenia risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebellum, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22, Cross-Sectional Studies, DiGeorge Syndrome, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Intelligence Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Schizophrenia, Comorbidity
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