CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 540Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

A Follow-up Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Schizophrenia: Relationship of Neuroanatomical Changes to Clinical and Neurobehavioral Measures

Gur, Raquel E., Cowell, Patricia, Turetsky, Bruce I., Gallacher, Fiona, Cannon, Tyrone, Bilker, Warren, Gur, Ruben C.·1998·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.55.2.145
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional neuroanatomical studies have reported abnormalities in schizophrenia that relate to disease variables. Longitudinal neuroimaging investigations that integrate anatomical, clinical, and neurobehavioral measures may help clarify the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. METHODS: Magnetic resonance brain imaging and neurobehavioral studies were conducted at baseline and after 30.63 +/- 12.92 months (mean +/- SD) in 40 patients with schizophrenia (23 men and 17 women) and 17 healthy controls (13 men and 4 women). The schizophrenia group included 20 first-episode and 20 previously treated subjects. Volumes of whole-brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and frontal and temporal lobes were measured. The severity of negative and positive symptoms was assessed, medications were monitored, and neurobehavioral functioning in 8 domains was evaluated. RESULTS: Both first-episode and previously treated patients had smaller brains and frontal and temporal lobes than controls at intake. Longitudinally, reduction in frontal lobe volume was found only in patients, whereas temporal lobe reduction was also seen in controls. The association between volume reduction and symptom changes differed between patient groups, but volume reduction was associated with decline in some neurobehavioral functions in both groups. Exploratory analysis suggested that neuroleptic dose is correlated with changes in all 3 domains. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of neuroanatomical and neurobehavioral abnormalities in patients with first-episode schizophrenia indicates that the brain dysfunction occurred before clinical presentation. However, there is also evidence of progression, in which anatomical changes may affect some clinical and neurobehavioral features of the illness in some patients.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.55.2.145

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Adult-onset schizophrenia is more strongly associated with deficits in later-maturing temporal and frontal regions and with selective abnormalities of the heteromodal regions.

    “whereas adult-onset schizophrenia (the more typical form) is more strongly associated with deficits in later-maturing temporal and frontal regions (53–55) and is associated with selective abnormalities of the heteromodal regions (29).”

    From Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood (2004) · cites this paper as [54]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Gur, R. E., Cowell, P., Turetsky, B. I., Gallacher, F., Cannon, T., Bilker, W., & Gur, R. C.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1998-02-01
Volume
55
Issue
2
Pages
145
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.55.2.145
OpenAlex
W2126549748
Cited by
540
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 19
FWCI
22.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (1k05mh001336-01)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH 43880, MH01336, MH-42191)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
schizophrenia, longitudinal brain changes, frontal lobe volume, temporal lobe volume, brain atrophy, first-episode schizophrenia, neuroleptic dose, negative symptoms, positive symptoms, neurobehavioral function, cerebrospinal fluid volume
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Severity of Illness Index, Temporal Lobe

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review