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Cited by 368Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Reduced dorsal and orbital prefrontal gray matter volumes in schizophrenia

Gur, Raquel E., Cowell, Patricia E., Latshaw, Amanda, Turetsky, Bruce I., Grossman, Robert I., Arnold, Steven E., Bilker, Warren B., Gur, Ruben C.·2000·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.57.8.761
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Converging neuroanatomic, neurophysiological, and neurobehavioral evidence implicate prefrontal subregions in schizophrenia. Neuroanatomic studies with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enable regional volume parcellation. Inconsistent reports may relate to variable methods and small samples. We attempted to resolve volume differences within sectors of the prefrontal lobe in a large sample, relating volumes to clinical and neurocognitive features. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 70 patients with schizophrenia (40 men and 30 women; 29 neuroleptic naive and 41 previously treated) and 81 healthy controls (34 men and 47 women). Gray and white matter volumes of the dorsolateral, dorsomedial, orbitolateral, and orbitomedial prefrontal cortex were quantified. Symptoms, functioning, and neurocognition were assessed concurrently. RESULTS: Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume was observed in patients. The reduction was evident for the dorsolateral area in men (9%) and women (11%), for the dorsomedial area only in men (9%), and for orbital regions only in women (23% and 10% for lateral and medial, respectively). The reduction of orbital volume in women was associated with poorer premorbid functioning, more severe negative symptoms, and depression. Volume of dorsal cortex was positively associated with better performance on abstraction and attention tasks across all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Schizophrenia is associated with reduced gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex, which affects men and women in the dorsolateral sector. The effects are moderated by sex for dorsomedial and orbital regions and are related to symptom severity and cognitive function. This is not a by-product of treatment, since the differences are evident in neuroleptic-naive patients.

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  • These alterations contribute to predictive impairments as well as to negative and positive psychotic symptoms.

    “These alterations contribute to predictive impairments as well as to negative and positive psychotic symptoms (Baar ´ e et al., 1999; Gur et al., 2000; Nakamura et al., 2008; Onitsuka et al., 2004; Sun et al., 2009; Wible, 2012).”

    From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Gur et al., 2000

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Authors
Gur, R. E., Cowell, P. E., Latshaw, A., Turetsky, B. I., Grossman, R. I., Arnold, S. E., Bilker, W. B., & Gur, R. C.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2000-08-01
Volume
57
Issue
8
Pages
761
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.57.8.761
OpenAlex
W2127057918
Cited by
368
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 14
FWCI
13.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Pennsylvania
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH 43880, K02MH001366, MH 01366, MH-42191)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
schizophrenia, prefrontal cortex, gray matter volume, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, sex differences, negative symptoms, depression, premorbid functioning, neurocognitive function, neuroleptic-naive patients
MeSH terms
Adult, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Antipsychotic Agents, Prefrontal Cortex

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