Cited by 1,226Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsAging, Health, and Disability

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Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community Population of Older Persons: Higher Than Previously Reported

Evans, Denis A.·1989·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.1989.03430180093036

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Abstract

Clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and other dementing illnesses were assessed in a geographically defined US community. Of 3623 persons (80.8% of all community residents over 65 years of age) who had brief memory testing in their homes, a stratified sample of 467 persons underwent neurological, neuropsychological, and laboratory examination. Prevalence rates of Alzheimer's disease were calculated for the community population from the sample undergoing clinical evaluation. Of those over the age of 65 years, an estimated 10.3% (95% confidence limits, 8.1% and 12.5%) had probable Alzheimer's disease. This prevalence rate was strongly associated with age. Of those 65 to 74 years old, 3.0% (95% confidence limits, 0.8 and 5.2) had probable Alzheimer's disease, compared with 18.7% (95% confidence limits, 13.2 and 24.2) of those 75 to 84 years old and 47.2% (95% confidence limits, 37.0 and 63.2) of those over 85 years. Other dementing conditions were uncommon. Of community residents with moderate or severe cognitive impairment, 84.1% had clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease as the only probable diagnosis. These data suggest that clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease is a common condition and that its public health impact will continue to increase with increasing longevity of the population. (JAMA. 1989;262:2551-2556)

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The three sisters of fate: Genetics, pathophysiology and outcomes of animal models of neurodegenerative diseases
Klonarakis, M., Vos, M. D., Woo, E. K., Ralph, L. T., Thacker, J. S., & Gil‐Mohapel, J. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104541 · Cited by 14
High‐dimensional longitudinal classification with the multinomial fused lasso
Adhikari, S., Lecci, F., Becker, J. T., Junker, B. W., Kuller, L. H., López, O. L., & Tibshirani, R. J. (2019) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.8100 · Cited by 17
Guidelines and Care Management Issues for People with Alzheimer??s Disease and Other Dementias
Maslow, K., Selstad, J., & Denman, S. J. (2002) · Disease Management & Health Outcomes · doi:10.2165/00115677-200210110-00003 · Cited by 13
Overexpression of amyloid precursor protein reduces epsilon protein kinase C levels
Liron, T., Seraya, C. B., Ish‐Shalom, M., Souroujon, M. C., & Neumann, D. (2007) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.024 · Cited by 12
Synthesis and biological activity of galanthamine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors
Han, S., Mayer, S. C., Schweiger, E. J., Davis, B. M., & Joulleé, M. M. (1991) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/s0960-894x(01)81154-9 · Cited by 12
The use of Piaget's theory in Alzheimer's disease
Thornbury, J. M. (1993) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/153331759300800404 · Cited by 12
Who are older adults? Demographics and major health problems
Sternberg, S. A., & Gordon, M. (1998) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.1998.tb00112.x · Cited by 12
Use of Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Alzheimerʼs Disease Treated with Rivastigmine versus Donepezil
Scharre, D. W., Vekeman, F., Lefèbvre, P., Mody‐Patel, N., Kahler, K. H., & Duh, M. S. (2010) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/11584290-000000000-00000 · Cited by 12
Outpatient psychogeriatric nursing services: An integrative model
Abraham, I. L., Thompson-Heisterman, A. A., Harrington, D. E., Smullen, D. E., Onega, L. L., Droney, E. G., Westerman, P. S., Manning, C. A., & Lichtenberg, P. A. (1991) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/0883-9417(91)90016-x · Cited by 12
Tailoring adult psychiatric practices to the field of geriatrics
GREENWALD, B. S., Kremen, N. J., & Aupperle, P. M. (1992) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/bf01066763 · Cited by 12
“In those over 85 recent data suggest that dementia may occur in nearly half( 21 ).”
Background
Disruption of zinc homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease
Robertson, J. D., Crafford, A. M., Markesbery, W. R., et al. (2002) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(01)01124-7 · Cited by 12
The Application of Health Care Surrogate Laws to Older Populations: How Good a Match?
Hayley, D. C., Stern, R., Stocking, C., et al. (1996) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb02437.x · Cited by 12
Age-Related Change in Cognitive Function
Wilson, R. S., Bennett, D. A., & Swartzendruber, A. L. (1997) · Critical issues in neuropsychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1857-4_2 · Cited by 14
Bioinspired Synthesis of ZnO@polydopamine/Au for Label-Free Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay of Amyloid-β Protein
He, G., Zhou, Y., Li, M., Guo, Y., Yin, H., Yang, B., Zhang, S., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.777344 · Cited by 11
Cell-specific copper dyshomeostasis mechanism in Alzheimer’s disease
Okafor, M., Faller, P., & Vitale, N. (2025) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-025-00504-6 · Cited by 16
“The chance of developing AD doubles every 5 years after 65 and reaches up to 50% after 85 years of age [35].”
When time's arrow doesn't bend: APOE-ε4 influences episodic memory before old age
Eich, T. S., Tsapanou, A., & Stern, Y. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107180 · Cited by 13
Population Base Rates and Disease Course of Common Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Andren, K. A. K., Gabel, N., Stelmokas, J., Rich, A. M., & Bieliauskas, L. A. (2017) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-017-9357-1 · Cited by 11
“…from 2.32% (95% CI = 1.26–3.37) among ages 71–79 to 29.70% (95% CI = 18.60–40.80) among ages ≥90; U.S. (Plassman et al. 2007) 2% of Americans age 65–74; 42% in those 85 and older (Lezak et al. 2012) 10.3% (95% CL = 8.1 and 12.5) of people over age 65; U.S. (Evans et al. 1989) 67/1000 [6.7”
Influential
Alzheimer's disease: overview
Tang‐Wai, D. F., Josephs, K. A., & Petersen, R. C. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511544873.029 · Cited by 11

Authors: Evans, D. A.
Corresponding author: Evans, Denis A.
ORCID: Evans, Denis A.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1989-11-10
Volume: 262
Issue: 18
Pages: 2551
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1989.03430180093036
OpenAlex: W2129678592
Cited by: 1,226
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 44.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (N01-AG02107, N01‐AG‐1‐2106, AG 06789)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, prevalence, older adults, dementia, age-related cognitive decline, community-dwelling older adults, cognitive impairment, age differences in prevalence, public health impact

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Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community Population of Older Persons: Higher Than Previously Reported

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