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Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community Population of Older Persons: Higher Than Previously Reported
Abstract
Clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and other dementing illnesses were assessed in a geographically defined US community. Of 3623 persons (80.8% of all community residents over 65 years of age) who had brief memory testing in their homes, a stratified sample of 467 persons underwent neurological, neuropsychological, and laboratory examination. Prevalence rates of Alzheimer's disease were calculated for the community population from the sample undergoing clinical evaluation. Of those over the age of 65 years, an estimated 10.3% (95% confidence limits, 8.1% and 12.5%) had probable Alzheimer's disease. This prevalence rate was strongly associated with age. Of those 65 to 74 years old, 3.0% (95% confidence limits, 0.8 and 5.2) had probable Alzheimer's disease, compared with 18.7% (95% confidence limits, 13.2 and 24.2) of those 75 to 84 years old and 47.2% (95% confidence limits, 37.0 and 63.2) of those over 85 years. Other dementing conditions were uncommon. Of community residents with moderate or severe cognitive impairment, 84.1% had clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease as the only probable diagnosis. These data suggest that clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease is a common condition and that its public health impact will continue to increase with increasing longevity of the population. (JAMA. 1989;262:2551-2556)
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“Based on studies that show clinical AD [6, 8], MCI [88], and preclinical AD [67] are common in the elderly, by this scheme that vast majority of those past the age of 85 have AD (Figure 2).”
From Brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, and mitochondria (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
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Moya‐Alvarado, G., Gershoni‐Emek, N., Perlson, E., & Bronfman, F. C. (2016) · Molecular & Cellular Proteomics · doi:10.1074/mcp.r115.053330 · Cited by 124
Synaptic tau: A pathological or physiological phenomenon?
Robbins, M., Clayton, E. L., & Schierle, G. S. K. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-021-01246-y · Cited by 128
“Age is the greatest risk factor for developing the sporadic form of AD [82, 119, 176, 184], however there are also genetic and environmental risk factors [120, 217, 219] that contribute to familial or sporadic forms of AD, respectively.”
BackgroundStreim, J. E., Porsteinsson, A. P., Breder, C. D., Swanink, R., Marcus, R. N., McQuade, R. D., & Carson, W. H. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e318165db77 · Cited by 116
Affinity-Based Inhibition of β-Amyloid Toxicity
Cairo, C. W., Strzelec, A., Murphy, R. M., & Kiessling, L. L. (2002) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi0156254 · Cited by 113
Monitoring Progression in Alzheimer's Disease
Galasko, D. R., Corey‐Bloom, J., & Thal, L. J. (1991) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb04463.x · Cited by 114
Blaum, C. S., Ofstedal, M. B., & Liang, J. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/57.8.m523 · Cited by 112
Cross-national comparisons of the occurrence of Alzheimer's and vascular dementias
Jorm, A. F. (1991) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf02189530 · Cited by 110
Measuring and estimating diagnostic accuracy when there are three ordinal diagnostic groups
Xiong, C., van Belle, G., Miller, J. P., & Morris, J. C. (2005) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.2433 · Cited by 109
“AD is the most common of the degenerative dementias a ecting up to 47 per cent of the population over the age of 85 [22, 23].”
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Frequency of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias in a Community Outreach Sample of Hispanics
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Cognitive Functional Status of Age-Confirmed Centenarians in a Population-Based Study
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“HE prevalence of dementia appears to increase dramatically from 1% at age 65 to 21^7% at ages 85 and older (Ebly, Parhad, Hogan, & Fung, 1994; Evans et al., 1989; Heeren, Lagaay, Hijmans, & Rooymans, 1991; Jorm, Korten, & Henderson, 1987; Rocca et al., 1990; Skoog, Nilsson, Palmertz, Andreasson, &…”
BackgroundThe delayed neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury
Gualtieri, T., & Cox, D. R. (1991) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699059109008093 · Cited by 108
Thompson, L. T., Moyer, J. R., & Disterhoft, J. F. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(96)00026-7 · Cited by 109
“Attention has been called to the fact that insufficient resources are currently available for studying brain aging (33,37), although the incidence of a variety of age-associated behavioral impairments in humans has climbed steadily as modern medicine has prolonged the average life-span in advanced countries (4, 9 ,43,…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Evans, D. A.
- Corresponding author
- Evans, Denis A.
- ORCID
- Evans, Denis A.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1989-11-10
- Volume
- 262
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 2551
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2129678592
- Cited by
- 1,226
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 44.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (N01-AG02107, N01‐AG‐1‐2106, AG 06789)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, prevalence, older adults, dementia, age-related cognitive decline, community-dwelling older adults, cognitive impairment, age differences in prevalence, public health impact
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