Cited by 1,226Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsAging, Health, and Disability

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Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community Population of Older Persons: Higher Than Previously Reported

Evans, Denis A.·1989·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.1989.03430180093036

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Abstract

Clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and other dementing illnesses were assessed in a geographically defined US community. Of 3623 persons (80.8% of all community residents over 65 years of age) who had brief memory testing in their homes, a stratified sample of 467 persons underwent neurological, neuropsychological, and laboratory examination. Prevalence rates of Alzheimer's disease were calculated for the community population from the sample undergoing clinical evaluation. Of those over the age of 65 years, an estimated 10.3% (95% confidence limits, 8.1% and 12.5%) had probable Alzheimer's disease. This prevalence rate was strongly associated with age. Of those 65 to 74 years old, 3.0% (95% confidence limits, 0.8 and 5.2) had probable Alzheimer's disease, compared with 18.7% (95% confidence limits, 13.2 and 24.2) of those 75 to 84 years old and 47.2% (95% confidence limits, 37.0 and 63.2) of those over 85 years. Other dementing conditions were uncommon. Of community residents with moderate or severe cognitive impairment, 84.1% had clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease as the only probable diagnosis. These data suggest that clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease is a common condition and that its public health impact will continue to increase with increasing longevity of the population. (JAMA. 1989;262:2551-2556)

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Brief Screening Tests for the Diagnosis of Dementia: Comparison With the Mini-Mental State Exam
Kilada, S., Gamaldo, A. A., Grant, E., Moghekar, A., Morris, J. C., & O’Brien, R. (2005) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/01.wad.0000155381.01350.bf · Cited by 57
INTERVENTIONS WITH FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Collins, C. E., Given, B. A., & Given, C. W. (1994) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02721-9 · Cited by 56
Is Alzheimer’s disease inevitable with age?
Morris, J. C. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci8560 · Cited by 56
“The major risk factor for AD is living longer; AD prevalence doubles every 5 years after age 65 and approaches 50% by age 85 (1).”
Background
Identifying Dementia in the Primary Care Practice
Solomon, P. R., Calvo, V., Adams, F., DeVeaux, R. D., Pendlebury, W. W., & Sullivan, D. M. (2000) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610200006608 · Cited by 56
The Health Impact of Living with a Cognitively Impaired Elderly Spouse
Moritz, D. J., Kasl, S. V., & Ostfeld, A. M. (1992) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/089826439200400205 · Cited by 56
Risk factors for Azheimer’s disease during aging. Impacts of glucose/energy metabolism
Hoyer, S. (1998) · Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementa · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-7508-8_18 · Cited by 55
“Clear evidence has been provided that the prevalence of late-onset sporadic dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) increases exponentially beyond the age of 65 years (Gottfries, 1985; Evans et al., 1989; Ott et al., 1995).”
Background
Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Daffner, K. R., & Scinto, L. F. M. (2000) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-005-6_1 · Cited by 56
Surrogate Decision Making
High, D. M. (1994) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(18)30332-x · Cited by 55
GALANTAMINE: A REVIEW OF ITS USE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND VASCULAR DEMENTIA
Corey, J. (2003) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2003.tb10467.x · Cited by 55
The experience of dementia: a review of the literature and implications for nursing practice
Keady, J. D. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.1996.5.5.275 · Cited by 55
Temporal changes in the gene expression heterogeneity during brain development and aging
Işıldak, U., Somel, M., Thornton, J. M., & Dönertaş, H. M. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60998-0 · Cited by 53
Yeast as a Model for Human Disease
Smith, M. G., & Snyder, M. P. (2006) · Current Protocols in Human Genetics · doi:10.1002/0471142905.hg1506s48 · Cited by 55
“Alzheimer’s disease causes senility in almost 50% of the population above the age of 85 (Evans et al., 1989).”
Background
Characteristics of older road users and their effect on road safety
Mori, Y., & Mizohata, M. (1995) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(94)00077-y · Cited by 54
Alzheimer's disease-related changes in diseases characterized by elevation of intracranial or intraocular pressure.
Wostyn, P., Audenaert, K., & de Deyn, P. (2008) · Clinical neurology and neurosurgery (Dutch-Flemish ed. Print) · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2007.10.011 · Cited by 58
An update on aging and dementia in Chile
Fuentes, P., & Cecilia Albala, B. (2014) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/s1980-57642014dn84000003 · Cited by 54
Promotion of cellular NAD+ anabolism: Therapeutic potential for oxidative stress in ageing and alzheimer’s disease
Braidy, N., Guillemin, G. J., & Grant, R. (2008) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/bf03033501 · Cited by 55
What are the principles and processes of inspiring hope in cognitively impaired older adults within a continuing care environment?
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Cognitive Function in Old and Very Old Residents of a Residential Facility: Relationship to Age, Education, and Dementia
Osterweil, D., Mulford, P., Syndulko, K., et al. (1994) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06539.x · Cited by 54
“Five measures of language disorder were adapted from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE):22 (1) Animal Naming, a measure of constrained word production and verbal fluency; (2) Word Comprehension, a combined measure of auditory comprehension and naming ability; (3) Yes/No questions, a measure of verbal rea…”
Method
Dementia and the Older Driver
Odenheimer, G. L. (1993) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(18)30408-7 · Cited by 54
Alzheimer Patients Treated With an AchE Inhibitor Show Higher IL-4 and Lower IL-1β Levels and Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Gambi, F., Reale, M., Iarlori, C., Salone, A., Toma, L., Paladini, C., Luca, G. D., Feliciani, C., Salvatore, M., Salerno, R. M., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000125683.74595.2f · Cited by 53
The “great” controlling nucleotide coenzymes
Veech, R. L., King, M. T., Pawlosky, R. J., Kashiwaya, Y., Bradshaw, P. C., & Curtis, W. (2019) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.1997 · Cited by 53

Authors: Evans, D. A.
Corresponding author: Evans, Denis A.
ORCID: Evans, Denis A.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1989-11-10
Volume: 262
Issue: 18
Pages: 2551
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1989.03430180093036
OpenAlex: W2129678592
Cited by: 1,226
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 44.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (N01-AG02107, N01‐AG‐1‐2106, AG 06789)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, prevalence, older adults, dementia, age-related cognitive decline, community-dwelling older adults, cognitive impairment, age differences in prevalence, public health impact

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Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community Population of Older Persons: Higher Than Previously Reported

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